中部六省绿色技术创新比较研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 13:58

【摘要】：绿色技术创新不同于一般的技术创新，旨在充分利用、节约资源，加强技术产品的可拆卸性，形成“生产-消费-复原”的良性循环，同时追求经济效益，从而改善生态环境，提高社会效益，为实现可持续发展创造条件。“十二五”是我国全面建设小康社会、深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的关键时期。要实现绿色发展，建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，提高生态文明水平，中国需要科学技术尤其是绿色技术的支撑。在我国提倡绿色技术创新是实现可持续发展的基本途径，也是实施科教兴国战略的客观需要。我国绿色技术创新在制度、法律法规、资金投入、评价体系、观念等方面仍有很多不足之处，这就需要我们借鉴国外的成功经验。促进中部崛起战略的是从我国发展角度提出的又一重大战略措施。中部地区具有很好的发展基础和特定优势，但也存在制约发展的矛盾和问题，中部六省一直以来面临着“中部塌陷”的困难境地，资源丰厚但发展不平衡，能源消耗过大，环境问题严重。山西省有稳定的煤炭产业链，但其资源利用率低，环境问题严重，创新能力不足。安徽省环境资源、人力资源都较为丰富，创新环境好，，但水资源利用率并不高，人才流失现象较严重。江西省矿产资源丰富，环境污染问题较其他省份轻一些，但经济水平较低，绿色技术创新存在资金问题，企业技术水平不高。河南省矿产资源丰富，近年来注重在绿色技术创新方面的资金投入，但环境问题严重，发展不均衡，人才素质不高，群众缺乏绿色意识。湖北省有一批发展良好的生态产业园，科教优势明显，但能源缺乏且结构不平衡，绿色产业动力不足，人才流失严重。湖南省水资源丰富，绿色市场基础较好，注重人才储备，但能源需求量大，水资源污染较严重，经济效益与生态效益不平衡。根据中部地区绿色技术创新的具体情况，可以提出相应的改革措施。经济方面，加大投资力度，制定适当的税收政策，发展循环经济，建立绿色评价指标体系。法律制度方面，要对现行的环保法律法规进行改革和创新，建立科学的执法制度，完善产学研合作制度。技术方面，要加快绿色技术创新理论的发展，同时推进绿色技术的各项实践。文化方面，要健全绿色技术创新的宣传制度、倡导绿色消费、注重人才储备。从六个省的角度分别来看，山西省应注意对煤的高效、清洁利用，开发低碳技术。安徽省应充分利用现有的国土资源，鼓励技术创新，实施科教兴皖战略。江西省要加强循环型生态农村农业建设，打造生态工业园循环产业链。河南省要实现发展与减排的良性循环，支持低碳技术的创新和应用，设立低碳经济试点，建立基于产业核心技术的绿色创新机制。湖北省应建设全面低碳化的示范区，积极开展节能产业，完善相关人才激励机制和金融制度，构建以企业为主体的产学研互动的创新体系。湖南省则应优化工业产业整体素质，构建低碳经济示范区，建立绿色产业链模式、提升产业绿色整体水平。
[Abstract]:Green technological innovation is different from general technological innovation, aiming at making full use of, saving resources, strengthening the disassembly of technological products, forming a "production-consumption-recovery" virtuous cycle, while pursuing economic benefits, so as to improve the ecological environment, improve social benefits and create conditions for sustainable development. To realize green development, to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and to raise the level of ecological civilization, China needs the support of science and technology, especially green technology. Advocating green technology innovation in China is the basic way to achieve sustainable development. Our country's green technological innovation still has many shortcomings in system, laws and regulations, capital input, evaluation system, concept and so on, which requires us to learn from the successful experience of foreign countries.
The strategy of promoting the rise of the central region is another important strategic measure put forward from the perspective of China's development. The central region has a good foundation for development and specific advantages, but there are also contradictions and problems restricting the development. The six provinces in the central region have been facing the difficult situation of "the collapse of the central region", rich in resources but uneven development, and excessive energy consumption. Shanxi Province has a stable coal industry chain, but its resource utilization rate is low, the environment problem is serious, the innovation ability is insufficient. Anhui Province is rich in environmental resources and human resources, and the innovation environment is good, but the utilization rate of water resources is not high, and the brain drain is serious. Henan Province is rich in mineral resources and has paid attention to the investment in green technology innovation in recent years. However, the environmental problems are serious, the development is not balanced, the quality of talents is not high, and the masses lack green consciousness. Good eco-industrial parks have obvious advantages in science and education, but lack of energy and unbalanced structure, lack of green industry power and serious brain drain.
According to the specific situation of green technological innovation in the central region, corresponding reform measures can be put forward. In economic aspect, investment should be strengthened, appropriate tax policies formulated, circular economy developed and green evaluation index system established. In terms of culture, we should improve the propaganda system of green technological innovation, advocate green consumption and pay attention to talent reserve. Anhui Province should make full use of the existing land resources, encourage technological innovation and implement the strategy of rejuvenating Anhui through science and education. Hubei Province should construct a low-carbon demonstration area, actively develop energy-saving industries, improve relevant personnel incentive mechanism and financial system, and construct an innovative system in which enterprises are the main body. Hunan Province should optimize the overall quality of industrial industry and build a low-carbon economy. In the demonstration area, we should establish a green industrial chain mode to improve the overall green level of the industry.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.3;F205

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