中国古代社会结构变迁的经济学分析——以官—民二重结构的动态博弈为视角

发布时间：2018-10-05 18:23

【摘要】：秦汉以来,通过官僚阶层去世袭化、其他社会阶层去大工商化措施,中国社会结构逐渐由先秦以经济实力为依托充分、自由发展向官—民二重结构简约化转变。在相对封闭、缺乏周边国家竞争的背景下,官—民结构的变迁就成为秦汉至晚清期间中国社会结构演变的主要格局。官—民之间的合作与不合作动态博弈尽管存在多个均衡,但在多数时间均衡解的显示路径上,官—民双方选择合作。官—民博弈之所以不断出现不合作下的朝代更替,很大程度上是超越"官逼民反"的逻辑,受制于以农业经济为基础的赋税悖论。新朝代尽管对社会结构更替的因素进行某些有针对性地修正,但只要经济基础仍以农业为主的条件没有发生改变,那么官不管如何改进与民的战略,也难以克服特定时间、某些意外性大规模支出引致的赋税悖论,就可能断送官—民博弈中的合作均衡。
[Abstract]:Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the Chinese social structure has gradually changed from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the economic strength and the free development to the two-fold structure of the government and the people by the measures of dehereditary bureaucrats and other social strata. Under the background of relative closure and lack of competition from neighboring countries, the change of the structure of the government and the people became the main pattern of the evolution of Chinese social structure from the Qin and Han dynasties to the late Qing Dynasty. Although there are many equilibrium in the cooperation and non-cooperation dynamic game between the officials and the people, they choose cooperation in the display path of the equilibrium solution in most time. The reason why the game between the government and the people continues to appear under the uncooperative change of the dynasties is to a great extent transcend the logic of "compelling the government to resist the people" and is subject to the paradox of taxation based on the agricultural economy. Although the new dynasty made some targeted amendments to the factors of the replacement of the social structure, as long as the conditions under which the economic base is still dominated by agriculture have not changed, it will be difficult for officials to overcome any strategy for improving their relations with the people at any given time. The tax paradox caused by some unexpected large-scale expenditure may destroy the cooperative equilibrium in the official-civilian game.
【作者单位】：中央财经大学经济学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2008年重大研究项目“现代财政金融理论的中国渊源—17—19世纪中国财政金融问题及其文献研究”(项目批准号:JJD790123) 教育部2011年哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“中国在对外经济关系中的地位变迁与展型”(批准号:11JHQ030)
【分类号】：F129;F224.32

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