基于基尼系数分解的行业垄断与居民收入差距关系的研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 20:33

【摘要】：自改革开放以来，我国经济一直以较快速度的增长，人民生活水平得到了极大地改善，但同时，收入差距的问题也开始日益凸显，尤其是在2000年以后，基尼系数一直处于在0.4警戒线以上，收入差距问题日益引起人们的注意。针对该问题，学者们提出了自己的观点。根据对学者们的文献研究，发现2000年前大多集中在城乡收入差距，而在2000年后，行业收入差距日益引起学者们的注意，并对其进行了大量的研究，认为行业收入差距是收入差距过大的主要因素，但对于行业差距在多大程度上影响着收入差距的定量分析相对较少。本文利用基于行业的基尼系数分解模型，研究居民基尼系数久居高位警戒区域的成因，寻求解决居民收入差距政策建议。本文首先对我国收入差距和行业差距的现状进行分析，选择适当的垄断行业划分标准和恰当的指标体系以准确测度行业间的基尼系数与行业内基尼系数。通过对之前的基尼系数分解方法的讨论进行分解，进而说明垄断行业的高收入与行业间的基尼系数是使总体基尼系数处于高位的主要原因，最终得出垄断行业依靠其垄断地位获得过高的收益分配权的事实不仅损害了居民的机会均等权，扩大了居民收入差距，而且构成了社会均衡稳定发展的阻碍，最终认为破解居民收入差距的政策着力点应该是强化市场竞争机制，破除行业垄断，确保居民机会均等权利地实现。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has been growing at a relatively high speed, and the living standards of the people have been greatly improved. But at the same time, the problem of income gap has also begun to become increasingly prominent, especially after 2000. Gini coefficient has always been in the warning line above 0.4, income gap has attracted increasing attention. In view of this problem, scholars put forward their own views. According to the literature research of scholars, it is found that before 2000, most of them focused on the income gap between urban and rural areas, but after 2000, the industry income gap has attracted more and more attention of scholars, and a large number of researches have been carried out on it. It is believed that the industry income gap is the main factor of the income gap, but the quantitative analysis of the income gap is relatively small to what extent the industry gap affects the income gap. Based on the industry-based Gini coefficient decomposition model, this paper studies the causes of the residents' Gini coefficient standing in the high alert area for a long time, and looks for policy suggestions to solve the income gap of residents. This paper first analyzes the current situation of income gap and industry gap in China, and selects appropriate standards and index system of monopoly industry to accurately measure the Gini coefficient between industries and intra-industry Gini coefficient. Through the discussion of the previous method of Gini coefficient decomposition, it is shown that the high income of monopoly industry and the inter-industry Gini coefficient are the main reasons for the overall Gini coefficient to be high. Finally, the fact that monopoly industry relies on its monopoly status to obtain excessive income distribution rights not only damages the right of equal opportunity of residents, expands the income gap of residents, but also constitutes an obstacle to the balanced and stable development of society. Finally, it is considered that the key point of the policy to solve the income gap should be to strengthen the market competition mechanism, break down the monopoly of the industry, and ensure the realization of the residents' equal opportunities and rights.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F224

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