现阶段我国收入分配领域中公平与效率关系问题研究
发布时间：2018-10-21 08:43
【摘要】：收入分配问题是关系着我国经济发展以及和谐社会构建的重大问题，而公平与效率是我国收入分配体制改革经常探讨的重大课题。如何正确处理收入分配领域中的公平与效率，对促进我国经济持续健康发展和社会全面进步、全面建成小康社会具有重大的现实意义。 收入分配领域中的公平主要包括起点公平、过程公平和结果公平，三个环节缺一不可。效率与公平是既对立又统一的关系。对立性主要表现在：不能过分追求效率或是追求收入均等，否则，将会导致公平或者效率的缺失；统一性表现在：效率是实现公平的基础，公平反过来又能促进效率的进一步实现。西方经济学家关于效率和公平关系的理论主要有效率优先论、公平优先论和公平与效率兼顾论。马克思主义经典作家以及我党主要领导人对公平与效率问题都做过不同阐述，这些为我们处理好公平与效率的关系提供了重要的理论指导。 对公平与效率关系的认识，我们是在几十年的社会主义实践中逐步走向成熟的，期间也付出了沉重的代价。改革开放前我们推崇平均主义的收入分配理念，损害了效率。改革开放后的30多年，国家调节二者关系的指导思想也随着社会经济状况的变化不断调整：改革开放之初的否定平均，强调效率，转为后来的“兼顾效率与公平”和“效率优先，兼顾公平”；再转到现阶段的“注重效率，维护公平”，再到“更加注重社会公平”。 我国现阶段在收入分配领域效率与公平问题突出表现在收入差距的不断扩大趋势。这种状况集中体现在社会阶层、城乡、地区、行业这四个方面的收入差距呈扩大趋势。形成收入差距扩大的原因既有制度的因素，也有体制、政策的因素。解决我国现阶段收入分配领域中效率与公平问题，就要在马克思主义公平与效率思想的指导下，，同时借鉴西方经济学家的有关理论，结合我国的现实国情，采取相应的对策。一是在初次分配领域不仅要体现效率，也要更加注重公平分配；二是在再分配领域，要充分体现社会公平。只有从初次分配和再次分配两方面来规范收入分配政策，注重实现社会公平，公平问题才能得到很好解决，公平与效率的关系才能从失衡走向和谐发展。
[Abstract]:Income distribution is a major problem related to the development of economy and the construction of a harmonious society in our country, and fairness and efficiency are important topics that are often discussed in the reform of income distribution system in our country. How to correctly deal with the fairness and efficiency in the field of income distribution is of great practical significance to promote the sustained and healthy development of our economy and the overall progress of the society and to build a well-off society in an all-round way. The fairness in income distribution mainly includes starting point fairness, process fairness and result fairness. Efficiency and fairness are both opposite and unified relations. Opposites are mainly manifested in the following aspects: efficiency cannot be excessively pursued or income equality is pursued, otherwise, it will lead to fairness or lack of efficiency; unity is the basis for achieving fairness. Equity in turn can promote the further realization of efficiency. The western economists' theories on the relationship between efficiency and fairness mainly include the theory of efficiency priority, the theory of fairness priority and the theory of balance between equity and efficiency. Marxist classical writers and the main leaders of our Party have all made different expositions on the issues of fairness and efficiency, which provide important theoretical guidance for us to deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency. To understand the relationship between fairness and efficiency, we gradually matured in decades of socialist practice, and paid a heavy price during that time. Before reform and opening up, we canonized equalitarianism income distribution idea, damaged the efficiency. More than 30 years after the reform and opening up to the outside world, the guiding ideology of the state in regulating the relationship between the two has been constantly adjusted along with the changes in social and economic conditions: the negative average at the beginning of reform and opening up emphasized efficiency. It has been transferred to the later "giving consideration to efficiency and fairness" and "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness"; and then to "paying attention to efficiency and safeguarding fairness" at the present stage, and then to "paying more attention to social equity". The problem of efficiency and fairness in the field of income distribution in our country at present is manifested in the widening trend of income gap. This situation embodies in the social class, urban and rural areas, regions, industries in these four areas of income gap is expanding. The reasons for the widening of income gap are not only institutional factors, but also institutional and policy factors. To solve the problem of efficiency and fairness in the field of income distribution in our country at present, under the guidance of Marxist thought of fairness and efficiency, at the same time, we should draw lessons from the relevant theories of western economists and take corresponding countermeasures according to the actual situation of our country. First, we should not only reflect efficiency, but also pay more attention to fair distribution in the field of initial distribution; second, in the field of redistribution, we should fully reflect social equity. Only by standardizing the income distribution policy from the two aspects of initial distribution and redistribution, paying attention to the realization of social equity, can the problem of equity be solved well, and the relationship between fairness and efficiency can be developed from imbalance to harmony.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7
本文编号：2284577
[Abstract]:Income distribution is a major problem related to the development of economy and the construction of a harmonious society in our country, and fairness and efficiency are important topics that are often discussed in the reform of income distribution system in our country. How to correctly deal with the fairness and efficiency in the field of income distribution is of great practical significance to promote the sustained and healthy development of our economy and the overall progress of the society and to build a well-off society in an all-round way. The fairness in income distribution mainly includes starting point fairness, process fairness and result fairness. Efficiency and fairness are both opposite and unified relations. Opposites are mainly manifested in the following aspects: efficiency cannot be excessively pursued or income equality is pursued, otherwise, it will lead to fairness or lack of efficiency; unity is the basis for achieving fairness. Equity in turn can promote the further realization of efficiency. The western economists' theories on the relationship between efficiency and fairness mainly include the theory of efficiency priority, the theory of fairness priority and the theory of balance between equity and efficiency. Marxist classical writers and the main leaders of our Party have all made different expositions on the issues of fairness and efficiency, which provide important theoretical guidance for us to deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency. To understand the relationship between fairness and efficiency, we gradually matured in decades of socialist practice, and paid a heavy price during that time. Before reform and opening up, we canonized equalitarianism income distribution idea, damaged the efficiency. More than 30 years after the reform and opening up to the outside world, the guiding ideology of the state in regulating the relationship between the two has been constantly adjusted along with the changes in social and economic conditions: the negative average at the beginning of reform and opening up emphasized efficiency. It has been transferred to the later "giving consideration to efficiency and fairness" and "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness"; and then to "paying attention to efficiency and safeguarding fairness" at the present stage, and then to "paying more attention to social equity". The problem of efficiency and fairness in the field of income distribution in our country at present is manifested in the widening trend of income gap. This situation embodies in the social class, urban and rural areas, regions, industries in these four areas of income gap is expanding. The reasons for the widening of income gap are not only institutional factors, but also institutional and policy factors. To solve the problem of efficiency and fairness in the field of income distribution in our country at present, under the guidance of Marxist thought of fairness and efficiency, at the same time, we should draw lessons from the relevant theories of western economists and take corresponding countermeasures according to the actual situation of our country. First, we should not only reflect efficiency, but also pay more attention to fair distribution in the field of initial distribution; second, in the field of redistribution, we should fully reflect social equity. Only by standardizing the income distribution policy from the two aspects of initial distribution and redistribution, paying attention to the realization of social equity, can the problem of equity be solved well, and the relationship between fairness and efficiency can be developed from imbalance to harmony.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7
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