裂隙岩体隧道与地下水环境相互作用机理及控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 15:08

本文选题：裂隙岩体隧道　切入点：地下水环境　出处：《北京交通大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：隧道建设与地下水环境及次生的生态环境是相互作用制约的矛盾体,与地下水作斗争是隧道建设者多年来费尽心机去解决的技术难题之一。一方面是地下水对隧道的影响：富水地层开挖隧道会带来突水涌泥的安全威胁,全包防水形成高水压考验隧道结构承载能力,运营隧道渗漏水危及行车安全；另一方面是隧道对地下水环境的影响,富水地层开挖隧道造成水资源流失、水位下降、生态及人居环境恶化等不良影响。二者矛盾涉及到施工安全、环境保护、经济投入和社会效应等多方面。深入开展裂隙岩体隧道与地下水环境相互作用机理及控制技术研究,可为降低施工风险、保证运营安全、保护地下水环境提供参考依据和技术支持,将具有重要的学术价值和实际意义。地下水发育的多样性和复杂性、裂隙岩体的非均质性及渗流各向异性、施工及运营过程的动态性等决定着裂隙岩体隧道与地下水环境相互作用科学问题研究的困难性。论文针对裂隙岩体隧道特点,对目前山岭隧道大多采用的“半包”防水结构,采用理论分析、数值计算、现场试验及应用验证相结合的方法,开展了施工及运营阶段隧道对地下水环境的影响规律研究、运营阶段地下水环境变化对隧道衬砌背后水压力的影响规律研究,并在此基础上提出裂隙岩体隧道与地下水环境相互影响评价技术体系,最后应用于石太客运专线石板山隧道和贵广铁路东科岭隧道两个实际工程中进行检验,取得以下研究成果： (1)确定了初始、施工和运营三个研究阶段,将影响因素分为不可控因素和可控因素,分阶段确定研究重点和研究目标。 (2)根据裂隙岩体隧道渗流特点及隧道施工及运营特点,考虑裂隙岩体分层及层理产状,建立了裂隙岩体非均质、非轴向各向异性等效隧道瞬态渗流模型,用于模拟隧道开挖施工过程、结构施作过程、不同防排水措施及时间对的地下水渗流的影响规律。 (3)揭示了隧道施工及运营过程中地下水渗流规律,掌握了渗流速度、地下水位、地下水资源流失量及排水影响半径随施工及运营过程的变化规律。 (4)揭示了裂隙岩体隧道与地下水环境相互作用机理。分别研究了施工及运营阶段不可控因素和可控因素对地下水资源流失量、水位变化、水位恢复及衬砌背后水压力的影响规律。 (5)提出为实现保护地下水环境及减小衬砌背后水压力,而在隧道选址及设计、施工及运营过程中的工程措施建议。隧道选址时应选择低渗流性的水平岩层更为有利；设计选择高位隧道以减小水位埋深；施工方法选用每部封闭成环的CRD法、双侧壁导坑法、CD法更有利；支护封闭时间越短越有利：提高喷层整体抗渗性能,减少喷层开裂渗漏,减少衬砌开裂渗漏,保证防水板、排水盲管等防排水结构的施工质量特别重要。“半包”防水条件下,注浆加固可实现地下水环境与隧道工程相互作用过程中的“双赢”,既有效控制了水资源流失和水位下降,又有效减小了拱墙衬砌背后的水压力,注浆方式也是实现“限量排放”行之有效的方法。 (6)提出了裂隙岩体隧道与地下水环境相互作用评价技术体系。确定了二者相互作用过程中的4个评价目标U,构建了5类共29项评价指标构成的评价指标体系,提出了各评价目标预测(Upi)与控制(Uci)分项评价的评价方法,建立了二者相互作用负效应的V级百分制评价等级标准,并提出“限量排放”必要性的Ⅳ级评价等级标准和相应的工程措施建议。 (7)将研究成果应用于石太客专石板山隧道和贵广铁路东科岭隧道。结合不同隧道环境特点,对隧道与地下水环境相互影响进行预测和评价,在限量排放必要性判别的基础上,提出相应工程措施,最大限度地保护了地下水环境和施工安全,运营阶段地下水位得以恢复。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment construction of tunnel and groundwater environment and secondary contradiction is restricted each other, struggle with the groundwater is one of the technical problems to solve the tunnel builders over the years bend over backwards. One is the effect of underground water on tunnel excavation: threatening the safety of water rich strata tunnel will bring water and mud burst, water bearing formation condition the ability structure of high water pressure test of tunnel, tunnel seepage Water Leakage endanger traffic safety; on the other hand is the tunnel environmental impact on groundwater, water rich strata caused by loss of water resource, the water level dropped, adverse effects and ecological environment worsening. The contradiction between the two relates to the construction of safety, environmental protection, economic and social effects other aspects. Carry out the fractured rock tunnel and groundwater environment interaction mechanism and control technology, can reduce the risk of construction, ensure the operation safety It is of great academic value and practical significance to provide reference basis and technical support for the protection of groundwater environment.
Groundwater development diversity and complexity, heterogeneity and anisotropy of anisotropic seepage in fractured rock, construction and operation of the dynamic characteristic determines the difficulty of fractured rock tunnel and groundwater environment interaction problem of science. The thesis focuses on the characteristics of fractured rock tunnel, most of the "half" mountain tunnel waterproof structure by theoretical analysis, numerical calculation method, field test and application to verify the combination, carried out the influence of construction and operation phase of the tunnel on the groundwater environment law research, the study on the effect of the change of groundwater environment operation stage of tunnel lining water pressure behind, and on the basis of fractured rock tunnel and groundwater environment influence evaluation system finally, applied to the Shijiazhuang Taiyuan Passenger Dedicated Line Shibanshan tunnel and Guiyang Guangzhou Railway East branch tunnel two in practical engineering for inspection The following results are obtained:
(1) the initial, construction and operation of three research stages are determined, and the factors are divided into uncontrollable and controllable factors, and the research focus and the research target are determined in stages.
(2) according to the seepage characteristics of fractured rock tunnel and tunnel construction and operation characteristics of fractured rock masses considering stratification and stratification, the establishment of the fractured rock heterogeneous, anisotropic equivalent tunnel transient seepage model of non axial, for the excavation process simulation of tunnel structure, construction process, the influence of different drainage measures and groundwater seepage right.
(3) it reveals the law of groundwater seepage in the process of tunnel construction and operation, and grasps the changing rule of seepage velocity, groundwater level, loss of groundwater resources and drainage influence radius with construction and operation process.
(4) the interaction mechanism between fractured rock tunnel and groundwater environment is revealed. The influence of uncontrollable factors and controllable factors on groundwater resources loss, water level change, water level recovery and water pressure behind lining are studied respectively.
(5) proposed to achieve the environmental protection of groundwater and reduce the water pressure behind lining, and the site selection and design in the tunnel construction process, engineering measures and operation of the tunnel. The site should choose low level rock seepage is more favorable; design of high tunnel with Jian Xiaoshui depth; construction methods of each Department closed a ring of CRD method, the method of double side more favorable CD; support and the shorter time more favorable: improve the overall spray layer impermeability, reduce shotcrete layer cracking leakage, reduce lining crack and leakage, ensure the waterproof plate, drainage blindgut proof construction quality of drainage structure is particularly important. "Half" water conditions, the grouting reinforcement can realize the groundwater environment and tunnel engineering in the interaction process between the "win-win", can effectively control the loss of water resources and the water level dropped, and effectively reduce the arch wall lining behind the water injection pressure The method of slurry is also an effective method to realize "limited discharge".
(6) the fractured rock tunnel and the interaction of groundwater environment evaluation system. To determine the 4 evaluation target U interaction process of the two, was constructed consisting of 5 categories of 29 evaluation indicators of the evaluation index system, put forward the evaluation target prediction (Upi) and control (Uci) method of partial evaluation evaluation of the established interaction between the two negative effects of V percentile evaluation grade standard, and the standard IV grade emission limits "the necessary engineering measures and corresponding suggestions.
(7) based on the research results of Shijiazhuang Taiyuan Passenger Dedicated Shibanshan tunnel and Guiyang Guangzhou Railway East branch tunnel. According to the different characteristics of the tunnel environment, the interaction between tunnel and groundwater environment impact prediction and evaluation, in limited emissions need based on the identification, put forward the corresponding engineering measures, to maximize the protection of groundwater and environment the safety of construction, the underground water level operation stage can be restored.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U452.11;U453.61

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