行人通道内行人特性仿真研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 09:59

本文选题：元胞自动机　切入点：行人通道　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市交通的快速发展,交通拥堵问题成为不可避免的交通难题,而行人交通作为城市交通的重要组成部分,对行人流进行组织和管理的研究也日益受到重视。行人交通拥堵在带来安全隐患的同时,还增加了行人的出行延误,进而影响整个城市交通的运行效率。本文以行人通道内行人的交通特性为出发点,建立了行人元胞自动机模型,并对无信号控制人行横道进行了应用研究。首先,选取火车站进站通道这一典型行人通道进行交通调查,获取交通现状、交通需求及通道内行人流特性等详细数据。从宏观和微观两个角度对行人特性进行分析,总结了通道内行人交通特性的多种影响因素,分析不同因素条件下行人状态和交通特性的转变。其次,考虑通道自身参数和行人个体、群体行为特征,建立一种行人元胞自动机仿真模型。引入距离参数、空缺参数、从众参数和前进参数等行人参数,采用顺序更新方式制定模型的演化规则,分析不同行人到达率下行人交通特性,揭示行人在通道内的宏观、微观行为特征。最后,考虑行人与机动车间的相互冲突,建立了无信号控制人行横道的元胞自动机模型。在行人元胞自动机模型的基础上,新增了安全参数、横向参数两个行人参数,使行人模型更适用于无信号控制人行横道的仿真环境。以行人到达率为自变量,以车辆平均速度、密度和行人平均速度、密度为因变量,分析了无信号控制人行横道处车辆和行人的交通特性。模型的建立对行人交通组织优化、行人通道空间资源合理配置具有很高的研究价值,能够给未来行人通道的规划设计提供理论依据和改善方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban traffic, traffic congestion has become an inevitable traffic problem, and pedestrian traffic as an important part of urban traffic, More and more attention has been paid to the study of organizing and managing pedestrian flows. Pedestrian traffic congestion not only brings safety risks, but also increases pedestrian travel delays. In this paper, based on the traffic characteristics of pedestrians in pedestrian passageways, the cellular automata model of pedestrians is established, and the application of unsignalized controlled crosswalks is studied. The typical pedestrian passage of railway station is selected for traffic investigation, and detailed data such as traffic status, traffic demand and pedestrian flow characteristics in the passage are obtained. The pedestrian characteristics are analyzed from macro and micro perspectives. The influence factors of pedestrian traffic characteristics in the passage are summarized, and the changes of pedestrian and traffic characteristics under different conditions are analyzed. Secondly, considering the parameters of the passageway and the characteristics of individual pedestrian and group behavior, A pedestrian cellular automaton simulation model is established, which introduces pedestrian parameters such as distance parameter, vacancy parameter, follower parameter and forward parameter, and adopts sequential updating method to formulate the evolution rules of the model. The traffic characteristics of people with different pedestrian arrival rates are analyzed to reveal the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of pedestrians in the passageway. Finally, the conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles are considered. The cellular automata model without signal control is established. Based on the cellular automata model of pedestrian, two pedestrian parameters, safety parameter and transverse parameter, are added. The pedestrian model is more suitable for the simulation of unsignalized pedestrian crossing. The pedestrian arrival rate is taken as the independent variable, and the vehicle average speed, density and pedestrian velocity are taken as dependent variables. The traffic characteristics of vehicles and pedestrians at unsignalized crosswalk are analyzed. The establishment of the model is of great value to the optimization of pedestrian traffic organization and the rational allocation of pedestrian passage space resources. It can provide theoretical basis and improvement scheme for the planning and design of pedestrian walkways in the future.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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