公路建设项目水土保持方案编制研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 15:32

本文选题：公路建设 + 水土流失　；参考：《山西农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：公路是连接各地区的基础,随着我国经济飞速发展,公路建设项目越来越来。公路的大量修建,伴随而来的是愈演愈烈的环境污染问题,其中水土流失问题尤为严重。公路建设施工过程会影响到土地和水资源,同时诱发地质灾害和灾害性天气的发生与形成,这不仅影响了生态环境,也对人民生命财产构成潜在的危险。合理的治理措施将会有效减缓水土流失的发生,因此编制切实可行的水土保持方案具有重大的现实意义。水保方案编制时,需考虑项目区的基本情况、土石方平衡、方案比选、水土流失防治责任范围与分区、水土流失量的预测、防治措施的布设、水土保持的监测、水土保持投资与效益分析等内容。编制方案时要以项目的基本情况作为基础,根据项目的地理位置来确定水土流失的侵蚀模数和防治标准。根据项目占地和工程性质来确定水土流失量和需要布设的措施、防治责任范围以及补偿费用。根据项目的组成来定土石方量、防治措施的工程量与投资量、并布设监测点位。要保证最大限度减小水土流失量,少占地、雨季不施工、布设合理防治措施是很有效的措施。水土保持方案编制过程,需要在重视基础资料的同时进行实地考察,重在结合实际,做到切实能为项目的建设提供理论依据与技术支持。本文以岢大线为实例对公路水土保持方案的编制进行了详细论述。岢大线位于位于山西省兴县境内,全长31.643km,投资154376.84万元,为沥青路面,共包括9座桥梁和一座隧道,建设期24个月。工程建设期需借土方24.92万m3；取土场占地8.49hm2,其中原有弃土场7处,新增5处,共14处；弃方总量273.69万m3,需开挖和回填各9.90万m3,共占地25.93hm2。方案比选表明,A线(起于兴县城东北的魏家滩镇,沿旧省道岢大线经瓦塘、蔡家崖接现有忻黑线连接,全长31.643km)扰动地表面积、损坏水保设施面积、水土流失量、工程投资方面均具有优势。A方案水土流失防治责任范围共284.37hm2,其中项目建设区238.11hm2,直接影响区46.26hm2。项目共分为路基工程区、桥梁工程区、隧道工程区、等共9个水土保持防治区。该公路扰动地表面积共238.69hm2,破坏水土保持设施面积309.58hm2,永久弃方273.69万m3;土壤侵蚀模数4600t/km2·a,预测施工期平均水土流失模数11000t/km2·a;该公路可能造成土壤流失总量82017.24t,新增土壤流失量123643.1t；其中施工建设期48543.8t,新增29126.28t。水土保持措施实施后水土流失防治将达到国家一级防治标准,其中水土流失总治理度95%,扰动土地整治率95%,拦渣率90%,土壤流失控制比0.8,林草覆盖率25%,植被恢复系数97%。本项目水土保持措施主要在路基、挖弃土场、施工便道和生产生活区所采取的护坡、截排水沟、路基拦挡、土地平整、边坡绿化等措施。本项目水土保持总投资6280.16万元,其中,纳入本方案的主体工程已列水保投资4366.10万元,需新增的水土保持投资约1914.06万元,其中工程措施投资557.44元,植物措施211.31元,临时措施90.41元。水土保持措施实施后将有效保护水土流失,改善生态环境,保护公路的安全运行和附近村民的生命财产安全。
[Abstract]:Based on the basic information of the project , it is necessary to take into account the basic situation of the project area , the amount of soil and soil erosion , the monitoring of water and soil conservation , the investment and benefit analysis of soil and water conservation .
The borrow area occupies an area of 8.49hm2 , where the original spoil area is 7 , newly added 5 places , totally 14 places ;
The total amount of spoil is 273.69 million m3 , and the total occupied area is 25.93hm2 . According to the comparison of the scheme , there are 9 soil and soil conservation areas in the area of Weijiatan in the northeast of Xingxian County . The total length of the Project is 238.69hm2 , the area of water and soil conservation facilities is 309.58hm2 , the average soil erosion modulus of the project is 11000t / km2 路 a , the average soil erosion modulus of the highway is 11000t / km2 路 a ; the total amount of soil erosion is 817.24t , and the added soil loss amount is 123643.t ;
The soil and water conservation measures of this project are mainly on the slope protection , intercepting ditch , subgrade retaining , land leveling , slope greening and other measures . The water and soil conservation measures of the Project mainly include slope protection , drainage ditches , subgrade retaining , land leveling , slope greening and other measures adopted in the main works of the Project . The water and soil conservation measures of the Project mainly include water and soil erosion , soil erosion control ratio 0.8 , forest grass coverage rate 25 % and vegetation recovery coefficient 97 % . The water and soil conservation measures of the Project mainly include water and soil erosion , improvement of ecological environment , safe operation of highway and safety of life and property of nearby villagers .

【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U412;S157.2

【参考文献】