智能交通诱导信息实时发布机制

发布时间：2018-04-24 22:19

本文选题：VANET + 分簇加权　；参考：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近十几年来,随着经济的发展和城市建设不断扩展,车辆的数目直线上升,造成了很多交通问题,尤其是在城市交通环境中,使得智能交通车载通信系统成为热点研究之一,而车载自组织网络VANET技术又是研究的重中之重。为避免交通拥堵和交通事故的发生,智能交通的良好管理和诱导成为关键,这使得诱导信息的实时发布机制的研究具有重要意义。然而由于VANET的自治性和无固定结构、多跳路由等特点,在移动自组织网络中可以得到优良效果的信息发布算法直接运用在VANET中,得到的效果并不理想。针对上述问题,利用车辆移动的规律性、一维性及城市交通网络特点,本文设计了一种改进的基于适应VANET加权分簇算法VAWCA(VANET Adapted Weighted Cluster Algorithm)的信息实时发布机制。该机制考虑了车载网中车辆的节点速度、连通度、节点位置、平均通信时间四个因素,计算综合权值,以形成适应VANET城市交通场景的稳定分簇网络结构,并在该网络结构中,发布不同类型的交通诱导信息。由于VANET中车辆节点密度的变化和发布的交通诱导信息类型差异导致的问题,本文采用相应的解决策略来改善:适应车辆密度的簇建立改进策略和适应信息类型的数据发布改进策略。适应车辆密度的簇建立改进策略包括高密度下的负载均衡和低密度下基于伪簇首的稳定性保障,前者主要是针对密集交通网络场景,考虑网络的资源利用、传输效率以及节点的负载能力,使整个网络尽量达到负载均衡;后者主要是针对节点稀疏的交通网络场景,减少由于节点连通性弱引起的簇结构剧烈抖动,提高算法性能。适应信息类型的数据发布改进策略包括借助RSU的紧急诱导信息广播和实时诱导信息单播,前者是考虑了紧急诱导信息的传输特殊性,利用RSU传输能力更强的特点辅助传输紧急信息,提高实时性;后者是在基于分簇算法构建的网络中传输节点请求和返回的数据信息,根据道路和车辆行驶特点,高效使用网络资源。最后,本文基于NS3仿真平台,搭建了城市交通仿真场景,并设计了性能指标和仿真参数,通过对VAWCA和VWCP(Vehicular Weighted Clustering Protocol)的仿真结果进行对比分析,证明了VAWCA在单播数据发布、紧急诱导信息广播和通用诱导信息广播的场景下,得到更好的负载均衡、实时性和稳定性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of economy and the continuous expansion of urban construction, the number of vehicles has risen sharply, which has caused a lot of traffic problems, especially in the urban traffic environment, which makes the intelligent transportation vehicle communication system become one of the hot research. And the VANET technology of vehicle-borne self-organization network is the most important research. In order to avoid traffic jams and traffic accidents, the good management and guidance of intelligent traffic becomes the key, which makes the research of the mechanism of real-time release of induced information of great significance. However, due to the autonomy and lack of fixed structure of VANET, multi-hop routing and other characteristics, the information publishing algorithm which can obtain good results in mobile ad hoc networks is directly used in VANET, and the results are not satisfactory. To solve the above problems, an improved real-time information publishing mechanism based on adaptive VANET weighted clustering algorithm (VAWCA(VANET Adapted Weighted Cluster algorithm) is designed based on the regularity of vehicle movement, one-dimensional and urban traffic network characteristics. The mechanism takes into account four factors, such as vehicle speed, connectivity, node location and average communication time, and calculates the comprehensive weights to form a stable clustering network structure suitable for VANET urban traffic scenarios. Publish different types of traffic guidance information. The problem caused by the change of vehicle node density and the difference in the type of traffic guidance information published in VANET, In this paper, the corresponding solutions are adopted to improve: the cluster building strategy adapted to vehicle density and the improved strategy of data dissemination adapted to information type. The improved clustering strategy for vehicle density includes load balancing under high density and stability protection based on pseudo cluster head under low density. The former mainly considers the resource utilization of the network for dense traffic network scenarios. The transmission efficiency and the load capacity of the nodes make the whole network achieve load balance as far as possible. The latter is mainly aimed at the sparse traffic network scenarios to reduce the severe jitter of cluster structure caused by the weak connectivity of nodes and improve the performance of the algorithm. The improved strategy of data dissemination adapting to information type includes emergency induced information broadcast with RSU and real-time induced information unicast. The former takes into account the particularity of emergency induced information transmission. The RSU can be used to transmit emergency information and improve real-time performance. The latter is used to transmit the data information requested and returned by nodes in the network based on clustering algorithm, according to the driving characteristics of roads and vehicles. Efficient use of network resources. Finally, based on the NS3 simulation platform, the simulation scene of urban traffic is built, and the performance index and simulation parameters are designed. By comparing and analyzing the simulation results of VAWCA and VWCP(Vehicular Weighted Clustering protocol, it is proved that VAWCA is publishing unicast data. In the scenario of emergency induced information broadcast and general induced information broadcast, better load balance, real time and stability can be obtained.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U495

【参考文献】