破冰:天津港冬季通航的实现——基于海河工程局中外文档案的研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:11

  本文选题：破冰 + 海河工程局　； 参考：《中国经济史研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：天津港在冬季约有72天的封冻期无法通航,严重制约其对外贸易的发展,直到海河工程局成功破冰通航。揭开尘封的英文、日文档案,这一破天荒的历史事件得以再现。作为公益法人的海河工程局,以其独特的优势整合中外官商各利益相关方的资源,在清末民初动荡时局下顺利引进西方技术、人才、信息,发行公债海外融资,形成有效的管理模式,短短一两年就实现了破冰通航,并且得到持续发展和完善。从破冰船的订制与作业,无线通讯设备的使用,到新河修理厂定期的维护和修理,以及救援与导航,形成了一套完整而成熟的破冰业务系统,成为中国破冰业的中心。冬季通航对天津港的贡献率,从几乎是0渐增至1929—1930年度的18.6%。从而使天津港在北方不冻港的挑战中,能够克服自身的劣势,区位优势与市场优势得以释放,港口竞争力得以强化。
[Abstract]:Tianjin Port was unable to sail during the 72 days of freezing period in winter, which seriously restricted the development of its foreign trade until Haihe Engineering Bureau successfully broke the ice. Uncover dusty English, Japanese file, this unprecedented historical event can reproduce. As a public welfare legal person, Haihe Engineering Bureau, with its unique advantages, integrates the resources of various stakeholders of Chinese and foreign government and businessmen, and smoothly introduces western technology, talents, information, and public debt overseas financing under the turbulent situation in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The formation of an effective management model, in a short period of one or two years to achieve ice-breaking navigation, and has been sustainable development and improvement. From the order and operation of icebreaker, the use of wireless communication equipment to the regular maintenance and repair of Xinhe repair factory, as well as the rescue and navigation, a set of complete and mature ice-breaking business system has been formed, which has become the center of China's ice-breaking industry. The contribution rate of winter navigation to Tianjin Port increased from almost 0 to 18.6 in 1929-1930. So that Tianjin Port can overcome its own disadvantages, regional advantages and market advantages can be released, and the competitiveness of the port can be strengthened in the challenge of non-frozen port in the north.
【作者单位】： 清华大学社会科学学院经济学研究所;
【分类号】：F552.9
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本文编号：1810498