城市快速路突发事件应急交通疏散方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 14:32

本文选题：城市快速路突发事件 + 影响范围　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市快速路系统的不断发展,城市路网结构日益复杂,交通需求不断增加,除常发性交通拥堵外,由不可预知的突发事件引起的偶发性交通拥堵是造成城市快速路交通延误的主要原因。目前针对城市快速路突发事件应急交通疏散的研究主要以减少事件位置上游的交通需求为主,仅对事件位置上游的排队车辆进行分流疏散,没有考虑到突发事件对区域路网交通流的影响和扩散效应,疏散效果较差。因此,有必要基于突发事件的持续时间和影响范围对城市快速路突发事件应急交通疏散方法进行研究,提高城市快速路突发事件应急交通疏散效率。通过对城市快速路突发事件进行特征分析,根据突发事件影响范围等因素对快速路突发事件进行等级划分,以长春市亚泰大街快速路为例研究了城市快速路突发事件的交通特性和扩散规律,从点延误、线延误和面延误三个阶段对突发事件的扩散规律进行分析。提出了城市快速路突发事件影响范围的确定方法,将突发事件持续时间划分为事件延误时间和事件恢复时间两个阶段,利用VISSIM软件对突发事件延误时间和突发事件影响范围的关系进行分析,得到快速路的平均行程时间、主干道的平均行程时间、快速路的出行延误时间、快速路突发事件位置上游排队长度随突发事件延误时间变化的关系曲线,基于交通波模型求解某一特定延误时间的突发事件导致的最大排队长度和事件恢复时间,与仿真结果进行比较从而证明模型的有效性。然后给出了城市快速路突发事件区域路网优化控制模型的基本假设,以提高整个快速路主线的通行能力以及保证城市主干路的通畅为优化目标,目标函数为每个干道交叉口和快速路突发事件区域的交通供给能力与交通需求方差和最小,建立了以交通供给能力与交通需求方差和作为疏散性能指标的优化控制模型,构建了交通需求模型、交通供给模型两个基础模型,得出事件上游最优出入口匝道转移率和信号交叉口相位配时。最后,给出了城市快速路突发事件应急交通疏散策略设计流程图,以长春市亚泰大街快速路为例进行实例分析,阐述了应急交通疏散策略的具体应用方式,并且基于疏散效果对应急交通疏散策略进行评价。结果表明,实施城市快速路突发事件应急交通疏散策略后,突发事件影响范围内区域路网总排队长度、区域路网总行程时间以及快速路的出行延误时间等均明显减少,路网交通流运行效率提高,疏散效果明显。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of urban expressway system, the structure of urban road network is becoming more and more complex, and the traffic demand is increasing. Accidental traffic congestion caused by unexpected emergencies is the main cause of urban expressway traffic delay. At present, the research on emergency traffic evacuation of urban expressway emergency mainly focuses on reducing the traffic demand upstream of the event location, and only diverting and evacuating the queued vehicles upstream of the event location. The evacuation effect is poor without considering the influence and diffusion effect of the emergency on the traffic flow of the regional road network. Therefore, it is necessary to study the method of emergency traffic evacuation based on the duration and influence range of the emergency, so as to improve the efficiency of emergency traffic evacuation. Through the analysis of the characteristics of urban expressway emergencies, according to the factors such as the impact range of the sudden events, the expressway emergencies are classified into different grades. Taking the Yatai Avenue Expressway in Changchun as an example, this paper studies the traffic characteristics and diffusion rules of urban expressway emergencies, and analyzes the diffusion law of emergencies from three stages: point delay, line delay and surface delay. In this paper, a method of determining the impact range of urban expressway emergencies is proposed. The duration of emergencies is divided into two stages: the delay time and the recovery time. By using VISSIM software, the relationship between the delay time and the impact range of the sudden event is analyzed, and the average travel time of the expressway, the average travel time of the main road, the travel delay time of the expressway, the average travel time of the expressway, and the travel delay time of the expressway are obtained. Based on the curve of the relationship between the queue length and the delay time of the emergency, the maximum queue length and the event recovery time caused by a particular delay time are solved based on the traffic wave model. Compared with the simulation results, the validity of the model is proved. Then the basic assumptions of the optimal control model of urban expressway emergency area network are given to improve the capacity of the whole expressway main line and to ensure the smooth flow of the urban trunk road as the optimization goal. The objective function is the minimum variance sum of traffic supply capacity and traffic demand in every intersection and expressway emergency area, and an optimal control model is established, which takes the sum of traffic supply capacity and traffic demand variance as evacuation performance index. Two basic models, traffic demand model and traffic supply model, are constructed, and the optimal on-ramp transfer rate and phase timing at signalized intersections are obtained. Finally, the design flow chart of emergency traffic evacuation strategy for urban expressway emergencies is given. Taking the Yatai Avenue Expressway in Changchun as an example, the concrete application mode of emergency traffic evacuation strategy is expounded. And based on the evacuation effect of emergency traffic evacuation strategy evaluation. The results show that the total queue length, the total travel time of the regional road network and the travel delay time of the expressway are significantly reduced after the implementation of the emergency evacuation strategy. The efficiency of network traffic flow is improved and the effect of evacuation is obvious.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U492.8

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