基于时空可达性的家庭活动模式决策及仿真

发布时间：2018-05-17 23:13

本文选题：家庭活动模式 + 联合活动识别　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市基础设施建设日趋完善,城市交通规划的重心已开始由“设施规划”转向“政策设计”。而政策设计的关键是理解人类行为响应及演变规律。活动理论是人类行为研究的重要理论,该理论认为任何个体的行为决策除了受时空间约束外,还要受家庭其他成员的制约。而时空可达性正是在这种时空约束下,研究个体或群体潜在行为选择和人与人之间交互潜在可能性的重要方法。因此,本论文以家庭作为研究单元,强调家庭对个体活动出行决策的影响。首先,通过时空路径方法,提出了集成替代联合活动的时空路径表达,并在前人研究的基础上实现了家庭联合活动的识别及其可视化;其次,利用时空可达性理论,构建了既能体现成员间相互影响,又能反应活动之间相互关联的家庭活动模式决策模型;再次,利用计算机语言,实现了家庭活动模式决策过程的模拟,以便更好地理解家庭活动模式决策中的交互过程。具体研究工作如下:第一,阐述了时空路径方法和时空可达性理论在人类时空间行为及人际交互行为研究中的优势和应用;同时,考虑到家庭活动中普遍存在的替代联合活动,即活动需求者和执行者不一致的活动,论文对传统时空路径进行了扩展,使之能够表达替代联合活动,从而完善时空路径方法在人际交互关系中的表达。第二,基于面向对象的建模方法,从家庭替代联合活动时空特征及其成员交互特征入手,构建家庭活动出行时空数据模型。同时,利用地点协同、时间共享和活动类型三个识别标准,结合时空数据模型实现了家庭联合活动出行的识别;并基于Visual Studio 2010和ArcEngine,利用C#作为开发语言,开发了一个可同时表达替代联合活动的三维时空路径可视化工具,进而实现了在统一的时空约束下直观分析家庭活动出行行为模式及成员间的时空交互关系。第三,构建了家庭活动模式生成模型。考虑到家庭活动模式决策中成员间以及活动之间关联性的特征,构建家庭活动偏好和成员组合偏好指标体现家庭成员间的关联性;构建剩余时间预算指标体现家庭活动决策时活动与活动间的关联性。此外,顾及活动地点吸引力、出行距离衰减、活动持续时间等因素,利用时空可达性理论,综合考虑上述诸多因素,构建时空可达性决策模型,用以支持成员活动地点推荐以及家庭活动模式推荐。第四,利用VBA编程语言,基于Excel开发工具设计了家庭活动模式推荐工具,为家庭推荐最优的活动模式。并通过对比实验结果中各类型活动的参与者与调查数据中对应活动的活动参与者的一致性验证时空可达性决策模型的合理性。研究结果表明:集成替代联合活动的时空路径,有助于在统一的时空约束下直观分析家庭活动出行模式,并在一定程度上有助于对家庭内部交互作用机理的诠释;根据联合活动识别结果,放宽对活动时间的约束和对活动目的/类型的要求,会提高联合活动识别效率;通过家庭活动模式推荐工具的实验结果和调查数据的吻合度,验证了时空可达性决策模型的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of urban infrastructure construction, the focus of urban traffic planning has begun to shift from "facility planning" to "policy design". The key to policy design is to understand human behavior response and evolution law. Activity theory is an important theory of human behavior research. This theory holds that any individual behavior decision is subject to time and space. In addition, the spatial accessibility is an important way to study the potential behavior choice of individual or group and the potential possibility of interaction between people and people. Therefore, this paper takes family as a research unit to emphasize the influence of home court on individual activity decision. The spatio-temporal path method is proposed to express the spatio-temporal path of integrated alternative joint activities. On the basis of previous studies, the recognition and visualization of family joint activities are realized. Secondly, the family activity model which can reflect the interaction between members and interrelated activities can be constructed by using the time and space accessibility theory. Thirdly, the computer language is used to simulate the decision-making process of family activity pattern so as to better understand the interaction process in the decision making of family activity pattern. The specific research work is as follows: first, the advantages and advantages of spatio-temporal path method and spatio-temporal Accessibility Theory in the study of human spatial and temporal behavior and interpersonal interaction are expounded. At the same time, taking into account the common alternative joint activities in family activities, that is, the activities of the activity demand person and the executor, the paper extends the traditional space-time path to express the alternative joint activities so as to improve the expression of the spatio-temporal path method in the interpersonal relationship. Second, based on the object-oriented modeling. Methods, based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of family substitution and the interaction characteristics of members, the space-time data model of family activity travel is constructed. At the same time, three identification standards of location coordination, time sharing and activity type are used to recognize the family joint activities by combining time and space data model, and based on Visual Studio 2010 and ArcEngine, Using C# as the development language, we develop a three-dimensional spatio-temporal path visualization tool that can simultaneously express alternative joint activities, and then realize the intuitive analysis of family activity mode and the spatio-temporal interaction between members under the unified spatio-temporal constraints. Third, a model of generation of family activities is built. The characteristics of the association between members and activities in a pattern decision, the construction of family activity preference and the index of membership preferences reflect the relevance of family members; the construction of the remaining time budget indicators reflects the relationship between activities and activities in the decision-making of family activities. In addition, the attraction of the activities, the attenuation of travel distance, and the activity of the activities are taken into account. To continue the time and other factors, the time and space accessibility theory is used to synthetically consider the above factors to build a spatio-temporal accessibility decision model to support the recommendation of members' activities and the recommendation of family activities. Fourth, using the VBA programming language and based on the Excel development tool, the family activity model recommendation tool is designed to recommend the best living for the family. To verify the reasonableness of the spatio-temporal accessibility decision model by the consistency of the participants of various types of activities in the experimental results and the participants of the corresponding activities in the survey data. The results show that the spatio-temporal path of the integrated substitution of joint activities is helpful for the intuitive analysis of family activities under the unified spatio-temporal constraints. The model, to a certain extent, helps to interpret the internal interaction mechanism of the family. According to the recognition results of the joint activities, the constraints on the activity time and the requirements for the activities and types of activities will be relaxed, and the recognition efficiency of the joint activities will be improved; the experimental results of the tools and the consistency of the survey data are recommended through the family activity pattern. The feasibility of the spatio-temporal accessibility decision model.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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