时变条件下基于事故综合特征的危险货物道路运输路径优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 12:37

本文选题：危险货物 + 时变　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：危险货物具有爆炸、易燃、毒害等危险特性,在道路运输过程中一旦发生事故容易造成人身伤亡、财产损毁或环境污染等严重后果。近年来,我国危险货物道路运输事故多发,如何保障运输的经济效益和安全性具有重要意义。实际证明,路径优化在保障经济效益的前提下,可以有效降低危险货物道路运输风险,本文在国内外研究现状的基础上,进行了以下研究:以传统风险评估模型为基础,考虑了时间因素和事故综合特征(危险货物种类、事故类型、事故等级)对危险货物道路运输风险的影响,引入事故率和事故后果修正因子,构建了时变条件下危险货物道路运输风险度量模型,并使用风险三大公理验证了模型的有效性。在风险度量模型的基础上,以人口风险、环境风险和成本为目标函数,建立了时变条件下无宵禁限制和有宵禁限制的危险货物道路运输路径优化模型,采用动态规划和标号法对模型进行求解,并设计了算例。算例结果表明危险货物道路运输具有时变性,不同出发时间对应的最优路径不同;危险货物种类、事故类型和事故等级均会影响运输风险的大小;基于决策者偏好得到不同出发时间对应的最优路径和一天中最优出发时间及对应路径;宵禁限制通过改变节点出发时间,引入停车等待风险和成本影响最优路径的选择;危险货物道路运输路径优化可以有效降低运输风险和成本,并为相关决策者提供了决策依据。最后对论文工作进行了总结,针对论文中存在的不足,指出了下一步的研究方向。
[Abstract]:Dangerous goods have dangerous characteristics such as explosion, flammability, poison and so on. In the course of road transportation, accidents will easily cause casualties, property damage or environmental pollution and other serious consequences. In recent years, road transportation accidents of dangerous goods in China are frequent, how to ensure the economic benefits and safety of transportation is of great significance. It has been proved that route optimization can effectively reduce the risk of dangerous goods transportation on the premise of ensuring economic benefits. Based on the current research situation at home and abroad, this paper makes the following research: based on the traditional risk assessment model, Considering the influence of time factors and comprehensive characteristics of accidents (types of dangerous goods, types of accidents, accident grades) on the risk of road transport of dangerous goods, the accident rate and accident consequence correction factor are introduced. A risk measurement model for road transport of dangerous goods under time-varying conditions is constructed, and the validity of the model is verified by using three axioms of risk. Based on the risk measurement model and taking population risk, environmental risk and cost as objective functions, an optimal road transport route model of dangerous goods with and without curfew under time-varying conditions is established. Dynamic programming and labeling method are used to solve the model, and an example is designed. The results show that the road transportation of dangerous goods is time-varying and the optimal path is different according to different departure times, and the types of dangerous goods, the type of accidents and the grade of accidents all affect the size of transport risks. Based on the preference of the decision makers, the optimal path and the optimal departure time and the corresponding path are obtained for different departure times, and the curfew limits the optimal path selection by changing the departure time of the node and introducing the risk and cost of parking waiting. Route optimization of road transportation of dangerous goods can effectively reduce transportation risk and cost, and provide decision basis for relevant decision makers. Finally, the paper summarizes the work, and points out the next research direction in view of the shortcomings of the paper.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U492.81

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