区域电动汽车充电站布局优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 11:17

本文选题：充电站选址 + 用户满意度　；参考：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球环境污染和石油资源枯竭等问题日益严重,低碳、经济、环保已经成为我国经济发展的主旋律。以清洁环保、节能减排著称的新能源电动汽车的发展得到了国家相关政策的大力支持,它也必将成为未来交通业发展的主流。然而,电动汽车充电站网络的建设远远滞后于电动汽车的发展。虽然国内已经建成较多充电桩,但大都处于居民小区内部,充电速度慢,且仅服务于单个电动汽车用户;即使存在的部分公共充电站,也处于技术验证及示范阶段,无法满足电动汽车用户的日常充电需求,从而降低了电动汽车潜在用户的购买意愿。充电站选址问题已经成为制约我国电动汽车普及的关键因素之一。合理的充电站选址方案可以减少电动汽车用户的充电代价,增加充电站的运营效益,促进充电站的建设,推进电动汽车的发展,进而对改善交通环境具有重要意义。目前,电动汽车正处于推广阶段,为了迅速提高电动汽车使用便利性,促进更多潜在用户购买电动汽车,成本不再是建设充电站的首要考虑因素。因此,从电动汽车用户满意度的角度考虑充电站的选址问题。基于满意优化理论,提出电动汽车用户满意度评价函数,通过引入充电站等级概念,以平均电动汽车用户满意度最大为目标函数,建立了多等级电动汽车充电站选址问题的混合整数规划模型,并提出基于免疫算法的模型求解算法。测试结果表明,提出的模型可以有效的确定充电站的位置、等级及服务区域,其求解算法是快速、有效的。电动汽车发展到一定阶段,电动汽车充电站选址问题应考虑运营商的利益。从电动汽车用户和运营商角度综合考虑电动汽车充电站选址问题。从用户角度提出了衡量用户充电满意度的两个优化指标——用户到达充电站的行驶距离和用户充电排队等待时间;从运营商的角度提出了衡量运营商利益的优化指标——充电站建设成本;在此基础上,提出了电动汽车充电站选址问题的多目标非线性混合整数规划模型,为了更加符合实际情况,该模型通过模拟电动汽车充电排队过程来替代传统的排队理论。提出了求解该模型的改进禁忌遗传算法,并设计了一个随机算例,验证了该模型及算法的有效性。最后,对多目标电动汽车充电站选址优化模型参数进行灵敏度分析,研究了充电站个数对各个成本的影响、充电速率对时间成本的影响、充电速率对充电桩个数的影响和客户群增长对充电速率决策的影响。由于本文模型涉及随机过程,因此本文结合测试实例进行了多组实验,相关实验结果在一定程度上可以为实际工程提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious problems of global environmental pollution and oil resource depletion, low-carbon, economic and environmental protection has become the main theme of economic development in China. The development of new energy electric vehicle, which is famous for its clean, environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction, has been strongly supported by relevant national policies, and it will certainly become the mainstream of the development of transportation industry in the future. However, the construction of electric vehicle charging station network lags far behind the development of electric vehicle. Although more charging piles have been built in China, most of them are in the residential area, and the charging speed is slow, and they only serve the individual electric vehicle users. Even if some public charging stations exist, they are still in the stage of technical verification and demonstration. The failure to meet the daily charging needs of electric vehicle users reduces the willingness of potential electric vehicle users to buy electric vehicles. The problem of charging station location has become one of the key factors restricting the popularity of electric vehicles in China. Reasonable charging station location scheme can reduce the charging cost of electric vehicle users, increase the operating efficiency of charging station, promote the construction of charging station, promote the development of electric vehicle, and further improve the traffic environment. At present, electric vehicles are being popularized. In order to improve the convenience of electric vehicles and promote more potential customers to buy electric vehicles, the cost is no longer the first consideration in building charging stations. Therefore, the location of charging station is considered from the point of view of customer satisfaction of electric vehicle. Based on the theory of satisfactory optimization, the evaluation function of electric vehicle customer satisfaction is put forward. By introducing the concept of charging station grade, the maximum user satisfaction of average electric vehicle is taken as the objective function. A mixed integer programming model for multi-class electric vehicle charging station location problem is established, and a model solving algorithm based on immune algorithm is proposed. The test results show that the proposed model can effectively determine the location, grade and service area of the charging station, and the algorithm is fast and effective. Electric vehicle development to a certain stage, electric vehicle charging station location should consider the interests of operators. From the point of view of electric vehicle users and operators, the location of charging stations for electric vehicles is considered comprehensively. From the user's point of view, this paper puts forward two optimization indexes to measure the user's charge satisfaction, that is, the travel distance of the user to the charging station and the waiting time of the user's charging queue. From the point of view of the operator, the optimal index to measure the benefit of the operator, the construction cost of the charging station, is put forward, and the multi-objective nonlinear mixed integer programming model for the location of the charging station of electric vehicle is put forward. In order to be more in line with the actual situation, the model replaces the traditional queuing theory by simulating the charging queuing process of electric vehicles. An improved Tabu genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the model, and a random example is designed to verify the validity of the model and the algorithm. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the parameters of the multi-objective electric vehicle charging station location optimization model is carried out, and the influence of the number of charging stations on each cost and the effect of charging rate on the time cost are studied. The effect of charging rate on the number of charging piles and the influence of customer growth on charging rate decision. Because the model of this paper involves random process, this paper carries out many experiments with test examples, and the related experimental results can provide a reference for practical engineering to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.8

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