沈抚地区煤矸石在辽东北地区普通公路基层中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 12:36

【摘要】：煤矸石是煤在形成过程中与煤伴生或共生的一种坚硬岩石,是煤炭开采生产过程中的副产品,其既是固体废弃物,也是可利用的资源,具有双重性。不同地区的煤矸石种类各异,组分含量各不相同,物理化学性质差异较大;同一地区的煤矸石粒径和强度大小也有所不同,对其力学特性、结构等方面缺乏系统的研究。煤矿周围废弃的煤矸石大多采用圆锥式或沟谷倾倒式堆放在矿井四周,造成煤矿周围地区煤矸石堆积如山,占用大量的农田土地;除此之外,雨季煤矸石细料被雨水冲刷至地表,使得农田土地沙化现象严重,造成粮食减产;煤矸石在堆放过程中的自然分解还可能释放多种有毒气体,使大气环境和水体资源受到严重的污染,严重破坏生态环境,危害人们身体健康。因此,如何合理有效地综合利用煤矸石解决环境问题是一个亟待解决的社会问题。本文依托位于抚顺市望花区深井子镇管辖范围内的试验路,起点大台子,终点李相。以抚顺矿区的煤矸石为研究对象,在查阅了国内外大量相关文献的基础上,对煤矸石的矿物成分,基本物理指标(包括煤矸石的颗粒组成,针片状,压碎值,液塑限和砂当量),路用性能(包括7天无侧限抗压强度,劈裂强度,抗冻性能和低温收缩性能)等进行了大量的室内外试验,之后基于有限元分析对煤矸石的力学性能和使用寿命进行研究,得出煤矸石适用于道路基层的可行性,应用于道路基层前景广阔。本文的主要研究内容如下:1.对沈抚地区煤矸石(已燃和未燃)物理化学及工程性质进行详细分析,研究了物理化学特性对煤矸石填筑路基的影响;2.通过室内路用性能试验,对煤矸石的抗压强度,劈裂强度,低温收缩性能和抗冻性能等进行研究,确定煤矸石填筑路基的可行性;3.依托试验路,通过对无机结合料稳定煤矸石基层材料的相关性能进行研究,对其现场路用性能进行评价;4.基于BISAR软件,综合分析确定煤矸石基层路面结构合理层位,对其力学特性和使用寿命进行研究,为全面推广低活性的煤矸石在不同等级道路的应用提供理论依据。将煤矸石材料用于路基填筑,达到废物利用,变废为宝,保护环境的意义不言而喻。一方面,煤矸石材料用于填筑路基可以有效降低煤矿处理煤矸石的额外开支,解决许多煤矿煤矸石堆积成山,污染生态环境的问题。另外一方面,煤矸石材料用于填筑路基可以有效降低公路施工中支出用作路基材料的费用,煤矸石材料属于废物利用,只需额外支付运输、保存以及加工的费用。但是如何进一步更好的充分利用煤矸石仍是亟待解决的问题。
[Abstract]:Coal gangue is a kind of hard rock associated with or symbiotic with coal in the forming process. It is a by-product of coal mining and production. It is not only a solid waste, but also a available resource. The types of coal gangue in different areas are different, the content of coal gangue is different, the physical and chemical properties are different, and the size and strength of coal gangue in the same area are different, so the mechanical properties and structure of gangue are not studied systematically. Most of the waste coal gangue around the coal mine is piled around the mine by conical or valley dumping, resulting in the coal gangue accumulation in the surrounding area of the coal mine, occupying a large amount of farmland land; in addition, In the rainy season, the fine coal gangue is washed to the surface by Rain Water, which makes the desertification of farmland serious, resulting in the reduction of grain production, and the natural decomposition of coal gangue during the stacking process may also release many kinds of toxic gases. The atmospheric environment and water resources are seriously polluted, the ecological environment is seriously damaged, and the health of people is endangered. Therefore, how to use coal gangue to solve environmental problems is an urgent social problem. This paper relies on the experimental road, starting point Dataizi, and ending point Li Xiang, located in Shenjing Zi Town, Wanghua District, Fushun City. Taking the coal gangue in Fushun mining area as the research object, on the basis of consulting a large number of related documents at home and abroad, the mineral composition, basic physical index (including the particle composition, needle shape, crushing value of coal gangue) of coal gangue are analyzed. A large number of indoor and outdoor tests have been carried out on liquid-plastic limit and sand equivalent, road performance (including 7 days unconfined compressive strength, splitting strength, freezing resistance and low temperature shrinkage property). Based on the finite element analysis, the mechanical properties and service life of coal gangue are studied. It is concluded that coal gangue is applicable to the road base and has a broad prospect. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The physicochemical and engineering properties of coal gangue (burned and unburned) in Shenfu area are analyzed in detail. The influence of physical and chemical characteristics on the filling of roadbed by coal gangue is studied. The compressive strength, splitting strength, low temperature shrinkage and frost resistance of coal gangue were studied through indoor road performance test, and the feasibility of filling roadbed with coal gangue was determined. Based on the experimental road, the correlation between inorganic binder and coal gangue base material was studied, and the field performance of coal gangue was evaluated. Based on BISAR software, the reasonable layer of pavement structure of coal gangue base is determined synthetically, and its mechanical characteristics and service life are studied, which provides the theoretical basis for popularizing the application of low activity gangue in different grade roads. It is self-evident that coal gangue material is used in subgrade filling to make waste use, to turn waste into treasure and to protect environment. On the one hand, coal gangue material used in filling roadbed can effectively reduce the extra expense of coal gangue treatment in coal mine, solve the problem that many coal gangue accumulates into mountains and pollutes the ecological environment in many coal mines. On the other hand, the coal gangue material used to fill the roadbed can effectively reduce the cost of using it as the subgrade material in highway construction. The gangue material belongs to the waste utilization, which only needs to pay the extra cost of transportation, preservation and processing. However, how to further make full use of coal gangue is still an urgent problem.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U414

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