基于大脑认知分析的驾驶疲劳检测与缓解技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 11:27

【摘要】：驾驶疲劳是导致交通事故的主要原因之一。驾驶疲劳普遍存在且危害巨大,因此,研究开发高性能的驾驶员疲劳状态检测技术,并在必要时刻对驾驶员的危险状态进行报警干预,及时提醒驾驶员减速或者停车休息,缓解驾驶疲劳对提高交通安全有着重要的意义。驾驶疲劳是指由于驾驶环境的单调性或长时间超强度行车,驾驶员因体力和脑力过多消耗而产生生理、心理机能衰退,造成反应迟钝、动作僵硬、对周围环境的感知能力、形势判断能力和对车辆的操控能力不同程度下降的一种人体综合系统协调性失衡的生理状态。本文基于上述驾驶疲劳的生理因素,建立了一套车辆安全驾驶半实物仿真系统,实时监测驾驶员的驾驶状态,并在必要时对驾驶疲劳状态进行缓解,为安全驾驶提供保障。本文主要从以下几个方面展开论述：1.利用各个脑区神经活动同步性差异来分析疲劳驾驶特征。研究发现,对于人类大脑,即使执行非常简单的认知任务也依赖多个脑区域协同完成,在此期间,不同脑区域间的神经活动同步性表现出较大差异。文中对人类的大脑进行建模,构建了复杂脑网络,通过对脑网络重要参数变化特征来分析被试者驾驶疲劳的变化,并结合脑电信号功率谱和眼电信号特征,综合分析驾驶疲劳特征变化。2.对长途客车驾驶员进行了疲劳驾驶检测实验。在我国,长途客车是主要的交通工具之一,承担着重要的客运任务,客运驾驶员的正常驾驶关系到广大旅客的生命财产安全,因此,对长途客车驾驶员进行驾驶疲劳分析有着重要意义。文中相关实验选择在我国沈阳到丹东的高速公路上进行,通过对10名驾驶员脑电信号实时监测采集,构建脑网络,并对脑网络特征研究,分析了在真实驾驶环境下长途客车驾驶员驾驶疲劳特征。结果表明,长途客车驾驶员脑网络参数的聚类系数和全局效率随驾驶疲劳的加深呈现规律性变化。3.研究了出租车驾驶员普遍采用的两种传统休息方式之间的效果差异。在城市交通中,出租车占有相当大的比例,因此,研究出租车驾驶疲劳缓解问题对城市交通安全具有重要意义。调查发现,当出租车驾驶员经过长时间驾车出现疲劳后,一般采用车外自由活动休息和车内自由活动休息两种方式来缓解疲劳。实验中,选取8名驾驶员,通过对其脑电信号特征分析,判断两种传统休息方式中最有利于缓解驾驶疲劳的方式。研究结果表明,出租车驾驶员选择车外自由活动休息,更有利于缓解驾驶疲劳。4.对经皮穴位电刺激缓解驾驶疲劳进行了实验。驾驶疲劳是一种综合性的生理疲劳状态,包括精神疲劳和身体疲劳。根据中医理论可知,刺激人体手掌部位的劳宫穴(PC8)可以使人醒神,缓解人体疲劳症状。文中采用多功能电刺激仪(KWD-808I)对被试劳宫穴(PC8)进行电刺激,分析了电刺激对驾驶疲劳的缓解效果。结果表明,通过刺激被试劳宫穴(PC8)可以有效的缓解由于长时间驾车导致的驾驶疲劳；另外,实验中涉及的劳宫穴(PC8)位处于人体的手掌部位,当手握方向盘时,该穴位自然与刺激电极接触,无需贴片电极,方便实用。5.搭建车辆安全驾驶半实物仿真系统。通过该半实物仿真系统,可以对驾驶员脑电信号实时采集,监测驾驶员驾驶疲劳特征的变化。在整个驾驶回路中,驾驶员根据汽车仪表指示信息和交通路况信息,不断调整自己的操纵动作行为。如果回路中的人,由于长时间驾驶导致驾驶疲劳,进而对车辆驾驶认知出现较大偏差,人的驾驶动作就会对车辆的驾驶做出错误的操作,这时,系统就会通过传感器监测出驾驶员的精神状态,及时的确定驾驶员精神疲劳程度,确定是否适合继续开车的指令,保证安全驾驶,消除交通安全隐患。
[Abstract]:Driving fatigue is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. Driving fatigue is ubiquitous and harmful. Therefore, research and development of high-performance driver fatigue detection technology, and when necessary to warn the driver of dangerous state intervention, promptly remind the driver to slow down or stop to rest, alleviate driving fatigue to improve. Driving fatigue refers to the monotony of driving environment or long-term excessive intensity driving, the driver due to physical and mental exhaustion caused by excessive physical and mental decline, resulting in sluggish response, stiff movement, perception of the surrounding environment, situation judgment and the ability to control vehicles are different. Based on the above physiological factors of driving fatigue, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for vehicle safety driving is established in this paper, which can monitor the driver's driving state in real time and alleviate the driver's fatigue when necessary, so as to provide guarantee for safe driving. The following aspects are discussed: 1. The characteristics of fatigue driving are analyzed by the synchronization of nerve activities in different brain regions. It is found that even very simple cognitive tasks are performed by multiple brain regions. During this period, the synchronization of nerve activities between different brain regions is quite different. The human brain is modeled and the complex brain network is constructed. The changes of driving fatigue are analyzed by changing the important parameters of the brain network. The changes of driving fatigue are analyzed by combining the power spectrum of EEG and the characteristics of EOG. 2. The fatigue driving test of long-distance bus drivers is carried out in China. Long-distance bus is one of the main means of transportation and undertakes important passenger tasks. The normal driving of passenger drivers is related to the safety of passengers'lives and property. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the driving fatigue of long-distance bus drivers. After real-time monitoring and acquisition of EEG signals of 10 drivers, a brain network was constructed, and the characteristics of brain network were studied. The driving fatigue characteristics of long-distance bus drivers under real driving environment were analyzed. The results showed that the clustering coefficient and global efficiency of brain network parameters of long-distance bus drivers changed regularly with the deepening of driving fatigue. Taxi occupies a considerable proportion in urban traffic. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the alleviation of taxi driving fatigue for urban traffic safety. In the experiment, eight drivers were selected and their EEG signal characteristics were analyzed to determine the most favorable way to alleviate driving fatigue. The results showed that the taxi drivers chose the rest of free activities outside the vehicle, more importantly. Driving fatigue is a comprehensive physiological fatigue state, including mental fatigue and physical fatigue. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, stimulating the palm of the human body's Laogong acupoint (PC8) can make people wake up and alleviate the symptoms of fatigue. Functional electrical stimulation instrument (KWD-808I) was used to stimulate the Labor Palace acupoint (PC8), and the alleviating effect of electrical stimulation on driving fatigue was analyzed. When holding the steering wheel, the acupoint contacts with the stimulating electrode naturally, and does not need the patch electrode. 5. A hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for vehicle safety driving is established. The system can collect the driver's EEG signals in real time and monitor the changes of driver's fatigue characteristics. If the driver in the loop is fatigued because of driving for a long time, and the driver's cognition of the vehicle is deviated greatly, the driver's action will make the wrong operation to the vehicle's driving. At this time, the system will monitor through the sensor. The driver's mental state, timely determine the driver's mental fatigue, determine whether it is suitable to continue driving instructions to ensure safe driving, eliminate traffic safety risks.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.254;U463.6

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