爆破开挖飞石抛掷距离研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 09:41

【摘要】：近些年,我国正大力建设公路、铁路等交通设施。在路基以及隧道爆破开挖工程实际中,其周边往往会有民房、设备等需要被保护的对象,而爆破飞石在爆破后的飞行根本不可控制,很容易对附近被保护对象造成威胁。在每次爆破开挖时,为躲避爆破飞石的威胁需要耗费大量的人力、物力和财力,耽误时间和生产,又不能彻底杜绝爆破飞石的威胁。一直以来,中外各专家、学者对爆破飞石的研究从未间断,并且也分别提出了关于爆破飞石飞行距离的看法与见解,但是爆破飞石受爆破参数、炸药参数、岩体参数等众多因素的影响,很难有一个确切的公式可以更加全面的预测飞石飞行距离。因此,有必要针对路基以及隧道爆破开挖工程实际中爆破飞石抛掷距离进行研究与预测。通过众多专家学者的努力,岩土爆破理论以及计算机仿真技术的不断发展与完善,研究方法也日趋多元化。本文先对爆破破岩理论以及飞石产生机理进行分析后,接着运用层次分析法对飞石产生的主要因素进行权重排序,然后结合量纲分析法对爆破飞石的抛掷过程进行分析与研究,最后推导出爆破飞石抛掷达到最大距离的函数表达式。基于昌赣客专路基与隧道爆破开挖工程,对其进行爆破飞石抛掷距离试验,通过测量爆破开挖后飞石抛掷的距离并进行统计得到多组试验数据。最后通过数值软件对各组试验数据进行线性拟合,并将拟合值作为函数表达式的系数,从而得到与本次工程爆破开挖相关的飞石飞行距离的预测公式。由于本次工程爆破开挖线路较长,可将推导出的飞石抛掷距离预测公式用于后期的工程实际,对于保证进行安全、可靠的爆破开挖,有效避免飞石产生的危害以及保证经济效益最大化或者对同类路基的开挖都具有指导和实用意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China is vigorously building roads, railways and other transport facilities. In the engineering practice of roadbed and tunnel blasting excavation, there are often objects that need to be protected in the surrounding area, such as houses and equipments. However, the flight of blasting flying stone after blasting can not be controlled at all, so it is easy to threaten the protected objects nearby. In order to avoid the threat of blasting flying stone, it is necessary to expend a great deal of manpower, material and financial resources, delay time and production during every blasting excavation, and can not completely eliminate the threat of blasting flying stone. All along, experts and scholars at home and abroad have never stopped studying blasting flying stones, and have put forward their views and opinions on the flying distance of blasting flying stones, but blasting flying stones are subjected to blasting parameters and explosive parameters. Because of the influence of many factors, such as rock mass parameters, it is difficult to predict the flying distance of flying stone by an exact formula. Therefore, it is necessary to study and predict the throwing distance of blasting flying stone in subgrade and tunnel blasting excavation engineering. Through the efforts of many experts and scholars, the theory of rock and soil blasting and the computer simulation technology have been developed and perfected, and the research methods have become more and more diverse. In this paper, the theory of blasting rock breaking and the formation mechanism of flying stone are analyzed first, then the main factors of flying stone are ranked by AHP, and then the throwing process of blasting flying stone is analyzed and studied by means of dimensional analysis method. Finally, the function expression of blasting flying stone to reach the maximum distance is derived. Based on the blasting excavation of roadbed and tunnel in Changganke, the blasting flying stone throwing distance test was carried out. The distance of flying stone throwing after blasting excavation was measured and many groups of test data were obtained by statistics. Finally, the experimental data of each group are fitted linearly by numerical software, and the fitting value is taken as the coefficient of the function expression, thus the prediction formula of flying distance of flying stone related to blasting excavation is obtained. Because the blasting excavation line is long, the derived prediction formula of throwing distance of flying stone can be used in the later engineering practice, which can ensure the safety and reliability of blasting excavation. It is of guiding and practical significance to avoid the harm caused by flying stone and to ensure the maximization of economic benefit or the excavation of similar subgrade.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U213.1;U455.6

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