雾天高速公路预警措施有效性评估

发布时间：2018-09-08 14:03

【摘要】：雾天高速公路行车存在很大安全隐患,相关部门和学者对其提出了许多处置措施,然而,有关措施的有效性评估研究较少。本文针对可变信息板及雾灯此两类典型措施开展有效性分析,通过驾驶模拟平台构建高速公路场景,结合眼动仪,分析雾天高速公路措施对行车风险及驾驶员行为影响,为相关管理者采取有效的预警措施以提高高速公路车辆通行的安全性提供参考。研究从以下几方面进行。首先,针对长沙市境内的京珠高速和绕城高速开展雾天实地调查,对获取的车速、车头时距数据进行统计分析,得到雾天高速公路行车特征。其次,在3Dmax中构建基本的道路模型,然后在驾驶模拟器平台中构建成实验所需要的高速公路场景,包括道路场景和驾驶场景,分可变信息板、雾灯及其组合措施场景加载50m、250m、500m的雾天能见度环境,招募合适的实验者结合SMI iView XTM HED眼动仪进行驾驶模拟实验采集驾驶行为及眼动数据。然后,对雾天高速公路行车风险进行评估预测。先运用Fisher最优分割方法,选取能见度和车头时距作为雾天高速公路行车风险评估指标,确定将风险分为4级并结合可能发生事故的严重程度(损失)得出分级标准；运用有序Logistic回归对行车风险进行预测,通过能见度和车头时距值计算出现风险等级的概率。最后,从行车风险及驾驶行为两方面对措施有效性进行评价。分析发现采取措施后大部分驾驶员行车风险降低；采用描述统计、方差分析、Logistic回归方法,分不同测试点进行数据分析,结果发现：在不采取任何措施时,与正常天气相比较,雾天车辆平均速度均有不同程度下降；在设置可变信息板的测试点,根据能见度和平均速度通过Logistic回归建立了减速概率模型,在设置雾灯诱导后,有83.3%的驾驶员最后车辆平稳运行的速度会比无雾灯时有不同程度的提高。
[Abstract]:There are a lot of hidden dangers in the driving of foggy days expressway. The relevant departments and scholars have put forward many measures to deal with them. However, there is little research on the effectiveness evaluation of the relevant measures. Based on the analysis of the effectiveness of the two typical measures, variable information board and fog lamp, this paper constructs the freeway scene through driving simulation platform and analyzes the influence of the measures on the driving risk and driver's behavior by combining with the eye movement instrument. To provide reference for relevant managers to take effective early warning measures to improve the safety of freeway vehicles. The research is carried out from the following aspects. Firstly, the fog field investigation is carried out on the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and around the City Expressway in Changsha City. The obtained speed and the headway time distance data are statistically analyzed, and the driving characteristics of the foggy days Expressway are obtained. Secondly, the basic road model is built in 3Dmax, and then the freeway scene is constructed in the driving simulator platform, including the road scene and driving scene, and the variable information board is divided into two parts: one is the road scene, the other is the driving scene. The fog lamp and its combined measure scene were loaded with 50 mG 250 mm2 500m fog visibility environment. Suitable experimenters were recruited to carry out driving simulation experiment with SMI iView XTM HED eye movement device to collect driving behavior and eye movement data. Then, the traffic risk of foggy expressway is evaluated and forecasted. Firstly, the Fisher optimal segmentation method is used to select visibility and headway distance as the evaluation index of traffic risk of foggy freeway. The risk is divided into four levels and combined with the severity (loss) of possible accidents, the classification standard is obtained. The traffic risk is predicted by using ordered Logistic regression, and the probability of risk grade is calculated by visibility and head-time distance. Finally, the effectiveness of the measures is evaluated from two aspects: driving risk and driving behavior. The analysis found that most drivers' driving risk was reduced after taking measures, and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Logistic regression method. The results showed that when no measures were taken, the results were compared with the normal weather. At the test point with variable information board, the deceleration probability model was established by Logistic regression according to visibility and average speed. In 83.3% of the drivers, the speed of the final vehicle running smoothly was higher than that without fog lamp.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U492.8

【引证文献】