浮动车采集频率与地图匹配精度分析

发布时间：2018-11-13 18:30

【摘要】：拥堵在全球范围内已经变成越来越严重的问题,交通拥堵不仅导致了空气污染、噪声污染、能源浪费和交通事故,而且还造成了城市生活效率降低,居住环境恶化,城市吸引力下降。目前解决交通拥堵问题的最好方法就是采用基于浮动车的交通信息服务系统,该系统根据浮动车发出的相关信息,进而估算出道路实时交通状态,出行者依据这些信息选择最佳出行路线和时间,从而缓解道路交通压力,使交通延误和拥堵降低到最低水平。这篇文章主要处理基于浮动车的交通信息服务系统中的数据采集策略问题。过高的数据采集频率会产生较大的数据流量,对数据发送设备和服务器都有很大压力;过低的数据采集频率会影响地图匹配的准确率,不能得到有效的地图匹配结果。我们需要找到一个最佳的采集策略。针对深圳市的路网,我们研究了浮动车数据采集周期对地图匹配精度的影响,分析了地图匹配的常见错误类型,并指出了高频采集能够有效改进的错误类型。地图匹配精度分析指出,浮动车采集周期从30s缩短到21s可显著提升地图匹配的精度,而进一步缩短采集周期对地图匹配精度的提升效果不显著。地图匹配错误类型分析指出,高频采集能够有效地改善掉头和航向误判引起的地图匹配错误,而无法改善平行主辅道和隧道引起的地图匹配错误,而后两类是最主要的导致地图匹配错误的原因。本文针对深圳市道路的数据采集策略研究指出,在现有的GPS定位精度和算法条件下,20s的采集周期是最佳的采集策略,在地图匹配精度和数据量方面都可以接受。
[Abstract]:Congestion has become a more and more serious problem all over the world. Traffic jams not only lead to air pollution, noise pollution, energy waste and traffic accidents, but also reduce the efficiency of urban life and worsen the living environment. The city is less attractive. At present, the best way to solve the problem of traffic congestion is to adopt the traffic information service system based on floating vehicle, which estimates the real time traffic state of the road according to the relevant information issued by the floating vehicle. Based on these information, travelers choose the best route and time to ease traffic pressure and reduce traffic delay and congestion to the lowest level. This paper mainly deals with the problem of data acquisition strategy in the traffic information service system based on floating vehicle. Too high data acquisition frequency will produce large data flow, which will have great pressure on data sending equipment and server. Too low data acquisition frequency will affect the accuracy of map matching, and can not get effective map matching results. We need to find the best acquisition strategy. In view of the road network in Shenzhen, we study the effect of floating vehicle data acquisition period on map matching accuracy, analyze the common error types of map matching, and point out the error types which can be improved effectively by high frequency acquisition. The analysis of map matching accuracy indicates that the floating vehicle can significantly improve the accuracy of map matching from 30s to 21s, but further shortening the acquisition period has no significant effect on the accuracy of map matching. The analysis of the types of map matching errors indicates that high frequency acquisition can effectively improve the map matching errors caused by U-turn and course misjudgment, but can not improve the map matching errors caused by parallel main and secondary roads and tunnels. The latter two categories are the main cause of map matching errors. In this paper, the author points out that under the condition of GPS positioning accuracy and algorithm, the period of 20 s is the best acquisition strategy, which can be accepted in map matching accuracy and data volume.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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