高速公路旁广告牌对驾驶安全的影响
发布时间：2019-03-07 16:26
【摘要】：目的:探讨高速公路旁广告牌的不同规格、密集度和位置对驾驶安全的影响。方法:让取得驾照的被试在QJ-3B1驾驶模拟器行驶车辆和记忆路边广告牌内容,驾驶模拟器记录操作车辆的各项指标,Smart Eye眼动仪记录被试在观看广告牌过程中的各项眼动指标。一共四个实验,自变量为:广告牌的不同规格(大、中、小),不同密集度(无、低、高)和弯道的不同位置(弯道前、弯道中、弯道后);因变量为驾驶指标(实时速度、跟车距离、横向偏移)和眼动数据(总注视次数、总注视时间、最长注视时间),每个实验均是3×2被试内设计。每个实验都招募30名已取得驾照的被试,被试的任务是做跟车任务的同时,注意路边的广告牌。结果:实验1结果为跟车时看不同规格的广告牌,实时速度、跟车距离差异不显著(p0.05),横向偏移及眼动数据的各指标差异显著(p0.05);弯道和直行相比,跟车距离、横向偏移为弯道大于直行(p0.05),其余为弯道小于直行(p0.05)。实验2结果为跟车时看不同密集度的广告牌,无论弯道还是直行,跟车距离、横向偏移、总注视次数、总注视时间差异显著(p0.05),实时速度和最长注视时间差异不显著(p0.05)。实验3结果为跟车时看弯道不同位置的广告牌,无论是驾驶行为还是眼动行为均有显著差异(p0.05);比较左弯和右弯时,横向偏移、总注视时间、最长注视时间为左弯大于右弯(p0.05),其余为左弯、右弯差异不显著(p0.05)。实验4结果为跟车时看弯道不同位置的广告牌(广告牌在道路左边),除最长注视时间没有差异外(p0.05),其余各指标均有差异(p0.05);比较左弯和右弯,横向偏移为左弯大于右弯(p0.05),总注视次数为左弯小于右弯(p0.05),其余为左弯、右弯没有差异(p0.05)。结论:高速公路旁广告牌对驾驶安全有影响,具体表现为:(1)广告牌规格对驾驶行为的作用受路型的影响,弯道大于直行;驾驶员的眼动行为受广告牌规格的影响:大的广告牌注视次数多、时间长。(2)广告牌密集度对驾驶行为的作用受路型的影响。弯道时,密集度高的广告牌,横向偏移大,跟车距离小,影响大,密集度低的广告牌,横向偏移小,跟车距离大,相对安全。直行时,无广告牌时跟车距离大,横向偏移小,密集度低和高没有差异。不同的道路类型对驾驶行为有影响,弯道时影响更大。实时速度为弯道小于直行,跟车距离、横向偏移为弯道大于直行。(3)无论广告牌在道路右边还是在道路左边,都是右弯的影响更小;弯道中间位置对驾驶安全的影响最大,弯道前位置对驾驶安全的影响最小。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the influence of different specifications, density and location of billboards on driving safety. Methods: the subjects with driving license were asked to drive the vehicle in the QJ-3B1 driving simulator and memorize the contents of the roadside billboard. The driving simulator recorded the indexes of operating the vehicle. The Smart Eye eye movement meter recorded the eye movement index during the course of watching the billboard. A total of four experiments, independent variables are: billboards of different specifications (large, medium, small), different density (none, low, high) and the different position of the bend (before, in, after the bend); The dependent variables were driving index (real-time speed, distance from car, lateral deviation) and eye movement data (total fixation times, total fixation time, longest gaze time). Each experiment was designed within 3 脳 2 subjects. Each experiment recruited 30 people who had obtained a driver's license. The task was to follow the car and pay attention to the billboards on the side of the road. Results: the results of experiment 1 showed that there was no significant difference (p0.05) in real-time speed and distance between car and car, while there was significant difference in lateral deviation and eye movement data (p0.05). Compared with the straight path, the lateral deviation of the curve is larger than that of the straight (p0.05), and the others are smaller than the straight (p0.05). The results of experiment 2 showed that there were significant differences in the following distance, lateral deviation, total fixation times and total fixation time between different concentration billboards when following the car (p0.05), whether it was curved or straight, the distance from the car, the lateral deviation, the total fixation times and the total fixation time (p0.05). There was no significant difference between real-time speed and maximum fixation time (p0.05). The results of experiment 3 showed that there were significant differences in driving behavior and eye movement behavior between different positions of billboards when following the car (p0.05). When the left and right bends were compared, the lateral offset, the total fixation time, and the longest fixation time were left bend greater than right bend (p0.05), while the others were left bend, and there was no significant difference between right bend and left bend (p0.05). The results of experiment 4 showed that there was no difference in the longest watching time (p0.05) except for the billboards (the billboards were on the left side of the road). All the other indexes were different (p0.05). The results of experiment 4 were as follows: (1) there was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the left and right bends, the lateral offset of left bend was greater than that of right bend (p0.05), the total fixation times of left bend was smaller than that of right bend (p0.05), the others were left bend, and there was no difference between right bend and left bend (p0.05). Conclusion: the billboard on the side of highway has influence on driving safety, including: (1) the effect of billboard specification on driving behavior is influenced by road type, and the bend is larger than the straight road; Driver's eye movement behavior is affected by billboard specifications: large billboard gaze times, long time. (2) the effect of billboard intensity on driving behavior is influenced by road type. When bending, the billboard with high density has a large lateral offset, a small distance from the car, a large influence, a low concentration of billboards, a small lateral offset, a large distance from the car, and is relatively safe. When straight, when no billboard, the distance to the car is large, the lateral offset is small, the density is low and the height is not different. Different road types have an impact on driving behavior, and the bend has a greater impact. The real-time speed is less than straight, distance from car, lateral offset is larger than straight. (3) whether the billboard is on the right side of the road or on the left side of the road, the influence of the right corner is less; The middle position of the bend has the greatest influence on the driving safety, and the position in front of the bend has the least effect on the driving safety.
【学位授予单位】：南通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.25
本文编号：2436263
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the influence of different specifications, density and location of billboards on driving safety. Methods: the subjects with driving license were asked to drive the vehicle in the QJ-3B1 driving simulator and memorize the contents of the roadside billboard. The driving simulator recorded the indexes of operating the vehicle. The Smart Eye eye movement meter recorded the eye movement index during the course of watching the billboard. A total of four experiments, independent variables are: billboards of different specifications (large, medium, small), different density (none, low, high) and the different position of the bend (before, in, after the bend); The dependent variables were driving index (real-time speed, distance from car, lateral deviation) and eye movement data (total fixation times, total fixation time, longest gaze time). Each experiment was designed within 3 脳 2 subjects. Each experiment recruited 30 people who had obtained a driver's license. The task was to follow the car and pay attention to the billboards on the side of the road. Results: the results of experiment 1 showed that there was no significant difference (p0.05) in real-time speed and distance between car and car, while there was significant difference in lateral deviation and eye movement data (p0.05). Compared with the straight path, the lateral deviation of the curve is larger than that of the straight (p0.05), and the others are smaller than the straight (p0.05). The results of experiment 2 showed that there were significant differences in the following distance, lateral deviation, total fixation times and total fixation time between different concentration billboards when following the car (p0.05), whether it was curved or straight, the distance from the car, the lateral deviation, the total fixation times and the total fixation time (p0.05). There was no significant difference between real-time speed and maximum fixation time (p0.05). The results of experiment 3 showed that there were significant differences in driving behavior and eye movement behavior between different positions of billboards when following the car (p0.05). When the left and right bends were compared, the lateral offset, the total fixation time, and the longest fixation time were left bend greater than right bend (p0.05), while the others were left bend, and there was no significant difference between right bend and left bend (p0.05). The results of experiment 4 showed that there was no difference in the longest watching time (p0.05) except for the billboards (the billboards were on the left side of the road). All the other indexes were different (p0.05). The results of experiment 4 were as follows: (1) there was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the left and right bends, the lateral offset of left bend was greater than that of right bend (p0.05), the total fixation times of left bend was smaller than that of right bend (p0.05), the others were left bend, and there was no difference between right bend and left bend (p0.05). Conclusion: the billboard on the side of highway has influence on driving safety, including: (1) the effect of billboard specification on driving behavior is influenced by road type, and the bend is larger than the straight road; Driver's eye movement behavior is affected by billboard specifications: large billboard gaze times, long time. (2) the effect of billboard intensity on driving behavior is influenced by road type. When bending, the billboard with high density has a large lateral offset, a small distance from the car, a large influence, a low concentration of billboards, a small lateral offset, a large distance from the car, and is relatively safe. When straight, when no billboard, the distance to the car is large, the lateral offset is small, the density is low and the height is not different. Different road types have an impact on driving behavior, and the bend has a greater impact. The real-time speed is less than straight, distance from car, lateral offset is larger than straight. (3) whether the billboard is on the right side of the road or on the left side of the road, the influence of the right corner is less; The middle position of the bend has the greatest influence on the driving safety, and the position in front of the bend has the least effect on the driving safety.
【学位授予单位】：南通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.25
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