基于混合车型公交运营评价与时刻表的优化研究
发布时间：2019-07-06 10:09
【摘要】：随着中国城市化进程的加快,基础设施在不断改善的同时,越来越多人口涌进城市,给城市交通带来了巨大的压力,城市道路交通状况日趋恶化,增加了社会出行成本,也是城市空气污染恶化的主要原因之一。目前,交通研究界普遍认为实行公交优先战略能够有效地解决城市交通所面临的问题。最近几年,国务院都向各级单位转发了关于促进公交优化战略健康发展的意见,就进一步提高公交优先战略认识、完善公共交通基础设施等方面提出建议,有力地推动了公共交通的发展。作为城市公共交通的主力,城市公交系统的运营优化能够有效提升公交吸引力,而公交运营优化的主要内容就是公交时刻表方案的优化。本文在分析城市单线路公交运营过程中所存在的问题之后,研究了基于随机前沿面方法(SFA)的公交时段运营效率评价模型,在时段效率评价结果分析的基础上,提出了混合车型公交运营模式,进而构建该模式下的时刻表优化模型。在基于随机前沿面方法(SFA)对公交时段运营效率评价模型阶段,首先讨论了效率定义,并对在效率评价研究中应用广泛的前沿面方法进行了系统的介绍,其中包括了参数与非参数前沿面方法。重点研究了SFA方法在效率评价中的优势与劣势,并提出采用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数进行前沿面的构建,进而确定了效率评价的方法框架。随后,针对公交运营过程中客流波动性的特征,对公交的运营进行时段划分,以时段为决策单元,确定各时段的投入指标与产出指标,并明确了它们的计算方法,进而确定公交运营时段的效率值。基于效率评价结果分析,研究对公交时刻表优化模型的构建提出相应的建议。在基于混合车型公交运营模式时刻表优化研究阶段,本研究首先介绍了不同车型的运营参数特征,重点考虑了不同尺寸车型运营成本的差异性。然后,结合经典时刻表编制方法,将乘客等待时间成本、车内时间成本以及公交车辆运营成本考虑进来,以总成本最低为目标,建立了基于混合车型公交运营模式的时刻表优化模型,将公交车辆发车间隔与及对应的发车车辆类型纳入进时刻表方案,并设计了模型解决算法。为了确定混合车型公交运营模式的合理性,研究同时还提出了单一车型运营模式(包括了常规容量车型与小容量车型公交运营模式)的时刻表优化模型。文章创新点主要体现在两方面:首先,将公交运营效率细化至时段,能够更直观反映公交运营中存在的问题;其次,提出混合车型公交运营模式,能够更为灵活地应对公交客流的变化。最后,研究采用上海市公交55路实测数据,对效率评价模型与时刻表优化模型进行实例分析。效率评价阶段结果显示公交时段运营效率波动性大,其效率值与运载率关系密切,进而为后续时刻表的优化提供了必要条件。在时刻表优化阶段,混合车型公交运营模式在累积等待时间与累积总成本方面优于单一车型公交运营模式,证明了模型的合理性。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of China's urbanization and the continuous improvement of the infrastructure, more and more people come into the city, bring great pressure to the urban traffic, the traffic condition of the urban road is getting worse, and the cost of the social travel is increased. It is also one of the main reasons for the deterioration of urban air pollution. At present, the traffic research community generally believes that the implementation of the public transport priority strategy can effectively solve the problems faced by the urban traffic. In recent years, the State Council has forwarded the opinions on promoting the healthy development of the public transport optimization strategy to all levels, so as to further improve the public transport priority strategy, improve the public transport infrastructure and so on, and vigorously promote the development of public transport. As the main force of the urban public transport, the operation optimization of the urban public transport system can effectively improve the public transport attraction, and the main content of the public transport operation optimization is the optimization of the bus schedule scheme. After analyzing the problems existing in the process of urban single-line bus operation, this paper studies the evaluation model of the operation efficiency of the public transit time period based on the stochastic frontier approach (SFA). On the basis of the analysis of the time-period efficiency evaluation results, a mixed model of bus operation is put forward. And then the time table optimization model in the mode is constructed. In this paper, on the basis of the stochastic frontier approach (SFA), the efficiency definition is first discussed, and a wide range of front face methods are applied to the efficiency evaluation research. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the SFA method in efficiency evaluation are studied, and the method frame of efficiency evaluation is also established by using the Cobb-Douglas production function to construct the front surface. Then, aiming at the characteristics of passenger flow volatility in the course of public transit operation, the time period is divided into the operation of the public transport, the time period is the decision unit, the input index and the output index of each time period are determined, and the calculation method thereof is determined, and the efficiency value of the bus operation period is determined. Based on the analysis of the efficiency evaluation results, the paper puts forward corresponding suggestions on the construction of the bus schedule optimization model. In this paper, the characteristics of operating parameters of different vehicle models are introduced, and the difference of operating cost of different models is given. in that method, the passenger wait time cost, the in-vehicle time cost and the operation cost of the public transport vehicle are taken into consideration in combination with a classical time table preparation method, and the time table optimization model based on the hybrid model bus operation mode is established by taking the total cost as the target, The departure interval of the public transit vehicle and the corresponding departure vehicle type are included in the time table scheme, and the model solving algorithm is designed. In order to determine the rationality of the mixed model bus operation mode, a time table optimization model of the single model operation mode (including the conventional capacity type and the small-capacity type bus operation mode) is also put forward. The innovation point of the article is mainly embodied in two aspects: first, the public transit operation efficiency is refined to a time period, and the problems existing in the public transport operation can be more intuitively reflected; secondly, the hybrid model bus operation mode is proposed, so that the change of the bus passenger flow can be more flexible. Finally, the data of Shanghai Bus 55 is used to analyze the efficiency evaluation model and the time table optimization model. The efficiency evaluation stage shows that the operation efficiency of the public transit period is large, and the efficiency value is closely related to the carrying rate, thus providing the necessary conditions for the optimization of the follow-up time table. In the time table optimization stage, the mixed model bus operation mode is superior to the single model bus operation mode in terms of the accumulated waiting time and the accumulated total cost, and the rationality of the model is proved.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of China's urbanization and the continuous improvement of the infrastructure, more and more people come into the city, bring great pressure to the urban traffic, the traffic condition of the urban road is getting worse, and the cost of the social travel is increased. It is also one of the main reasons for the deterioration of urban air pollution. At present, the traffic research community generally believes that the implementation of the public transport priority strategy can effectively solve the problems faced by the urban traffic. In recent years, the State Council has forwarded the opinions on promoting the healthy development of the public transport optimization strategy to all levels, so as to further improve the public transport priority strategy, improve the public transport infrastructure and so on, and vigorously promote the development of public transport. As the main force of the urban public transport, the operation optimization of the urban public transport system can effectively improve the public transport attraction, and the main content of the public transport operation optimization is the optimization of the bus schedule scheme. After analyzing the problems existing in the process of urban single-line bus operation, this paper studies the evaluation model of the operation efficiency of the public transit time period based on the stochastic frontier approach (SFA). On the basis of the analysis of the time-period efficiency evaluation results, a mixed model of bus operation is put forward. And then the time table optimization model in the mode is constructed. In this paper, on the basis of the stochastic frontier approach (SFA), the efficiency definition is first discussed, and a wide range of front face methods are applied to the efficiency evaluation research. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the SFA method in efficiency evaluation are studied, and the method frame of efficiency evaluation is also established by using the Cobb-Douglas production function to construct the front surface. Then, aiming at the characteristics of passenger flow volatility in the course of public transit operation, the time period is divided into the operation of the public transport, the time period is the decision unit, the input index and the output index of each time period are determined, and the calculation method thereof is determined, and the efficiency value of the bus operation period is determined. Based on the analysis of the efficiency evaluation results, the paper puts forward corresponding suggestions on the construction of the bus schedule optimization model. In this paper, the characteristics of operating parameters of different vehicle models are introduced, and the difference of operating cost of different models is given. in that method, the passenger wait time cost, the in-vehicle time cost and the operation cost of the public transport vehicle are taken into consideration in combination with a classical time table preparation method, and the time table optimization model based on the hybrid model bus operation mode is established by taking the total cost as the target, The departure interval of the public transit vehicle and the corresponding departure vehicle type are included in the time table scheme, and the model solving algorithm is designed. In order to determine the rationality of the mixed model bus operation mode, a time table optimization model of the single model operation mode (including the conventional capacity type and the small-capacity type bus operation mode) is also put forward. The innovation point of the article is mainly embodied in two aspects: first, the public transit operation efficiency is refined to a time period, and the problems existing in the public transport operation can be more intuitively reflected; secondly, the hybrid model bus operation mode is proposed, so that the change of the bus passenger flow can be more flexible. Finally, the data of Shanghai Bus 55 is used to analyze the efficiency evaluation model and the time table optimization model. The efficiency evaluation stage shows that the operation efficiency of the public transit period is large, and the efficiency value is closely related to the carrying rate, thus providing the necessary conditions for the optimization of the follow-up time table. In the time table optimization stage, the mixed model bus operation mode is superior to the single model bus operation mode in terms of the accumulated waiting time and the accumulated total cost, and the rationality of the model is proved.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17
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