基于ANSYS的车桥耦合动力计算方法研究

发布时间：2019-07-06 12:50

【摘要】：列车通过桥梁时,会对桥梁产生动力冲击作用,而桥梁的振动反过来又会引发车辆振动,这就是车桥耦合振动问题。当前,我国正处于轨道交通建设的高峰期,大量的铁路桥梁需要进行车桥耦合动力分析,以对其进行评估和优化。而传统的车桥耦合动力计算实现方法相对复杂,对研究人员的能力要求较高。所以,选择一款应用性广,通用性强的结构分析软件来求解车桥耦合振动问题对于车桥耦合理论在实际工程中的应用和推广具有重要意义。本文以此为出发点,建立了基于ANSYS的车桥耦合动力计算方法。主要工作如下:(1)分析了 27个自由度的车辆系统理论模型,然后详细解释了车辆系统动力平衡方程的推导过程,最终获得了车辆系统的刚度矩阵、阻尼矩阵和车桥系统动力平衡方程组。此外,本文还介绍一种方便使用且物理意义明确的车桥耦合系统求解方法——全过程迭代法。(2)以MASS21单元模拟车体、转向架和轮对,以COMBIN14单元模拟车辆弹簧和阻尼,然后通过MPC184单元进行刚性连接,最终建立了基于ANSYS的车辆有限元模型。经ANSYS模态分析,获得车辆有限元模型前15阶自振频率,与理论自振频率完全一致,验证了此车辆有限元模型的正确性。以CRH2动车通过铁路32m简支梁桥为计算实例,建立了基于ANSYS的车桥耦合动力计算方法,并求得此车桥系统的动力响应。通过与基于MATLAB编程求解的车桥系统动力响应进行对比,两者基本吻合,验证了基于ANSYS的车桥耦合动力计算方法的可行性和准确性。(3)采用基于ANSYS的车桥耦合动力计算方法对蔚汾河特大桥主桥进行车桥耦合动力分析。该桥为铁路5跨(70+3×120+70)m刚构—连续梁桥,桥梁全长500m;计算车辆采用40辆25t轴重货车编组,车辆编组全长479m。经计算,在75～150km/h车速范围内,蔚汾河特大桥主桥的车辆安全性、车辆平稳性和桥梁动力性能均满足限值要求。其中在车速125km/h时,蔚汾河特大桥主桥出现拍振现象,竖向动力响应出现峰值。本文的研究成果表明基于ANSYS的车桥耦合动力计算方法是可行的和准确的。采用此计算方法,整个求解过程都可在ANSYS完成,无需编程,有利于广大工程技术人员掌握和使用,对车桥耦合理论在实际工程中的应用具有一定意义。
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图片说明：图２．１车体在空间的坐标逡逑Ｆｉｇ．２．１邋Ｓｐａｃｅ邋ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｓ邋ｏｆ邋ｂｏｄｙ逡逑
[Abstract]:When the train passes through the bridge, it will have a dynamic impact on the bridge, and the vibration of the bridge in turn will cause vehicle vibration, which is the problem of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration. At present, China is in the peak period of rail transit construction, a large number of railway bridges need to carry out vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic analysis in order to evaluate and optimize it. However, the traditional method of vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic calculation is relatively complex, and the ability of researchers is required. Therefore, it is of great significance to select a widely applied and universal structural analysis software to solve the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration problem for the application and popularization of vehicle-bridge coupling theory in practical engineering. Based on this, a vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic calculation method based on ANSYS is established in this paper. The main work is as follows: (1) the theoretical model of vehicle system with 27 degrees of freedom is analyzed, and then the derivation process of dynamic balance equation of vehicle system is explained in detail. Finally, the stiffness matrix, damping matrix and dynamic balance equations of vehicle system are obtained. In addition, this paper also introduces a convenient and clear physical meaning vehicle-bridge coupling system solution method-the whole process iterative method. (2) MASS21 element is used to simulate the car body, bogie and wheelset, COMBIN14 element is used to simulate vehicle spring and damping, and then rigid connection is carried out by MPC184 element. Finally, the vehicle finite element model based on ANSYS is established. Through ANSYS modal analysis, the first 15 natural vibration frequencies of the vehicle finite element model are obtained, which is completely consistent with the theoretical natural vibration frequency, and the correctness of the vehicle finite element model is verified. Taking CRH2 train passing through railway 32m simply supported beam bridge as an example, a vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic calculation method based on ANSYS is established, and the dynamic response of the vehicle-bridge system is obtained. By comparing with the dynamic response of the vehicle-bridge system based on MATLAB programming, the feasibility and accuracy of the vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic calculation method based on ANSYS are verified. (3) the vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic analysis of the main bridge of Weifen River Bridge is carried out by using the vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic calculation method based on ANSYS. The bridge is a railway 5-span (703 脳 12070) m rigid-continuous beam bridge with a total length of 500m, and 40 25t axle load trucks are used to group the vehicles, and the total length of the vehicle marshalling is 479m. It is calculated that the vehicle safety, vehicle stability and bridge dynamic performance of the main bridge of Weifen River Bridge meet the limit requirements within the 75~150km/h speed range. At the speed of 125km/h, the main bridge of Weifen River Bridge has the phenomenon of beat vibration and the peak value of vertical dynamic response. The research results of this paper show that the vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic calculation method based on ANSYS is feasible and accurate. By using this calculation method, the whole solution process can be completed in ANSYS without programming, which is helpful for the majority of engineering and technical personnel to master and use, and has certain significance for the application of vehicle-bridge coupling theory in practical engineering.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U441.3;U211.3

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