座舱烟雾扩散规律及符合性验证技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 07:34

本文选题：飞机座舱　切入点：阴燃　出处：《中国民航大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：飞机座舱烟雾事件会对空气品质和乘客安全造成严重威胁,据统计,飞行中烟雾事件的发生概率大约是5000架次航班发生1次,严重威胁飞行安全。所以,为了确保飞机安全,运输类飞机的烟雾研究和验证越来越受到重视。目前国内外在进行座舱烟雾的符合性验证试验前,往往缺少对座舱烟雾扩散规律的认识,且烟雾符合性验证试验具有一定的破环性和危险性,花费巨大。随着计算机的快速发展,CFD技术得到了广泛的应用,加之,在进行符合性试验之前使用计算机仿真模拟软件进行计算可以大大提高试验的目的性、操作性、可行性。所以本文采用Fluent来分析烟雾的流动规律及送风对座舱烟雾扩散影响。有利于推动分析计算作为适航符合性验证方法之一,减少地面试验和飞行试验的频次从而降低成本提高效率。首先,本文主要采取数值仿真的方法,用已验证的CFD模型对座舱烟雾扩散进行数值仿真,得出烟雾随着时间在座舱中扩散的规律及趋势,当火源位于座舱中部时,座舱中段靠近火源的乘客危险性较大,受顶棚射流和横向进风影响,过道行李架上方的烟雾聚集较多,过道上方的烟雾浓度和温度高于座椅区域的浓度和温度,前后侧壁面与顶棚交界处烟雾浓度较大。其次,基于上述烟雾运动规律,通过比较关键位置处烟雾浓度和温度的大小,对三种不同通风量工况下烟雾的扩散进行研究。在三种不同通风量工况下,进气量越大座舱烟雾浓度越低,横向送风有利于阻止烟雾快速由过道区域蔓延到乘客区,顶棚区域和乘客呼吸区烟雾浓度和温度受通风量影响较大,大通风量有助于排烟。最后,对舱外烟源在舱内扩散进行了模拟,该通风方式下,乘客呼吸区烟雾浓度较低,降低了烟雾对乘客的威胁。
[Abstract]:Cockpit smog incidents can pose a serious threat to air quality and passenger safety. According to statistics, the probability of smog incidents in flight is about 5,000 flights, which seriously threatens flight safety. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the aircraft, More and more attention has been paid to the research and verification of smog in transport aircraft. At present, before the conformance test of cockpit smoke is carried out at home and abroad, there is often a lack of understanding of the diffusion law of cockpit smoke. With the rapid development of computer, CFD technology has been widely used. The purpose and maneuverability of the experiment can be greatly improved by using the computer simulation software before the conformance test is carried out. Therefore, Fluent is used to analyze the flow law of smoke and the influence of air supply on the smoke diffusion of cockpit, which is helpful to promote the analysis and calculation as one of the methods to verify the airworthiness of airworthiness. The frequency of ground test and flight test is reduced to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency. Firstly, the method of numerical simulation is used to simulate the smoke diffusion of cockpit by using the verified CFD model. When the fire source is located in the middle of the cockpit, the passengers near the fire source in the middle section of the cockpit are more dangerous, which is affected by the roof jet and the transverse wind, and the smoke accumulation above the aisle baggage rack is more. The smoke concentration and temperature above the aisle are higher than those in the seat area, and the smoke concentration at the junction between the front and rear side wall and the ceiling is larger. Secondly, based on the above smoke motion law, the smoke concentration and temperature at the key position are compared. The diffusion of smoke in three different ventilation conditions was studied. Under three different ventilation conditions, the higher the intake, the lower the smoke concentration in the cockpit, and the transverse air supply was helpful to prevent the smoke from spreading rapidly from the corridor area to the passenger area. The smoke concentration and temperature in the ceiling area and the passenger breathing area are greatly affected by the ventilation volume, and the large ventilation rate is helpful to smoke exhaust. Finally, the diffusion of smoke source outside the cabin is simulated. Under this ventilation mode, the smoke concentration in the passenger breathing area is lower. Reduced the threat of smoke to passengers.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V223

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