螺旋波等离子体推力器工作原理研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 23:16

本文选题：电推进　切入点：螺旋波等离子体推力器　出处：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：螺旋波等离子体是一种高密度的低温、低气压磁化等离子体,电磁波通常以哨声波模式在与静态外加磁场平行的等离子体柱中传播,采用环绕于石英管外壁的特定射频天线激发引起右旋极化波共振,在10-1Pa的低气压条件下,理想情况的等离子体密度可达1017～1019m-3量级,中心区电离效率可接近100%,其双层加速效应可加速离子喷出而产生推力。作为一种新型的电磁式推力器,螺旋波等离子体推力器工作原理研究至关重要,本文根据国内外已有研究成果及电推进相关理论,分析总结了离子加速方式,并对双层的形成进行了仿真,开展了放电室等离子体特性参数规律的模拟工作,搭建了电推进真空实验平台,设计出螺旋波等离子体推力器原理样机,最后观察了其放电现象。本文具体研究内容如下：从传统化学推进的局限性出发,阐述了先进航天推进技术的优点并概述了几种先进航天推进技术各自的特点,重点说明了电推进与其他推进技术相比所具有的突出优势和发展潜力,进而引出螺旋波等离子体推力器的特点及在电推进领域中的应用前景。论述了三种射频等离子体源各自结构与放电特点,针对螺旋波等离子体推力器工作原理,概括了朗道阻尼作用与双层加速效应是等离子体获得能量的途径,总结了离子加速方式,并对其提出了优化设计思路。在对螺旋波等离子体推力器工作原理的研究中,使用一维PIC/MCC方法,建立不同长度电离区与扩散区仿真模型并进行计算,得到了可以产生高密度等离子体及形成稳定电势差的压强区间与损失系数范围,从而不仅证明了双层加速效应存在的合理性,也明确了其影响因素,为螺旋波等离子体推力器的深入研究提供理论支持。采用COMSOL多物理场耦合有限元仿真软件,建立了放电室的基本模型并设定相应参数,模拟了真实的工作状态,计算得到了放电室内部电子数密度、电子温度与碰撞功率损耗的空间分布情况。根据实验室现有条件,分别采用四种自主设计的天线进行了放电实验,观察并对比实验现象,得出了初步的结论。
[Abstract]:Helical wave plasma is a kind of high-density low-temperature, low-pressure magnetized plasma. The electromagnetic wave usually propagates in a plasma column parallel to the static applied magnetic field in the whistler mode. A special RF antenna surrounding the outer wall of a quartz tube is used to excite the dextral polarization wave resonance. Under the low pressure of 10 ~ (-1) Pa, the plasma density can reach 1017 ~ 1019 m ~ (-3). As a new type of electromagnetic thruster, it is very important to study the working principle of helical wave plasma thruster. In this paper, according to the existing research results at home and abroad and the related theory of electropropulsion, the ion acceleration mode is analyzed and summarized, and the formation of the double layer is simulated, and the simulation work on the characteristic parameters of plasma in the discharge chamber is carried out. A vacuum experimental platform for electric propulsion is built, a prototype of helical wave plasma thruster is designed, and its discharge phenomenon is observed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: based on the limitation of traditional chemical propulsion, This paper expounds the advantages of advanced space propulsion technology, summarizes the respective characteristics of several advanced space propulsion technologies, and emphasizes on the outstanding advantages and development potential of electric propulsion compared with other propulsion technologies. The characteristics of helical wave plasma thruster and its application prospect in the field of electric propulsion are introduced. The structure and discharge characteristics of three kinds of RF plasma sources are discussed, and the working principle of the spiral wave plasma thruster is discussed. In this paper, the Langdo damping and double acceleration are summarized as the ways for plasma to obtain energy, and the ion acceleration mode is summarized, and the optimized design method is proposed. In the study of the working principle of helical wave plasma thruster, By using one-dimensional PIC/MCC method, the simulation models of ionization and diffusion regions with different lengths are established and calculated. The pressure range and the range of loss coefficient are obtained, which can produce high density plasma and form stable potential difference. It not only proves the rationality of the two-layer acceleration effect, but also clarifies the influencing factors, which provides theoretical support for the further study of helical wave plasma thruster. COMSOL multi-physical field coupled finite element simulation software is used. The basic model of the discharge chamber is established and the corresponding parameters are set up, the real working state is simulated, and the spatial distribution of electron number density, electron temperature and collision power loss in the discharge chamber is calculated. The discharge experiments were carried out with four kinds of independently designed antennas. The experimental phenomena were observed and compared, and a preliminary conclusion was drawn.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V439.2

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