空间滚动轴承可靠性影响因素作用机理及其演化规律研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 13:14

本文选题：空间轴承 + 热学特性　；参考：《燕山大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：空间轴承是航天机构的最基本组成部分,也是构成其他组件的关键零部件。因此,空间轴承的可靠性是航天机构正常运转、实现预定功能和预计寿命的基础保障。空间轴承长期工作于空间环境,高低温、交变温度、高真空、失重和强辐射等环境因素对其工作性能和使用寿命有明显的负面影响,致使其失效模式主要包括地面环境中常见的失效模式和空间环境因素引发的特有失效模式。本文主要从理论角度出发,研究空间轴承可靠性影响因素作用机理及其演化规律,揭示空间轴承面临的失效模式及机理,并在此基础上提出消除或减缓环境因素激励引起失效的方法和措施。本文以精密轴系中的空间轴承为研究对象,开展可靠性影响因素演化规律研究,主要研究内容如下:针对空间轴承热学特性,以滚动球轴承的拟静力学、传热学以及摩擦生热理论为基础,分析固体润滑空间轴承的摩擦力矩和摩擦热,构建空间环境中空间轴承的热传递网络模型,应用有限元仿真、理论分析和实验研究方法分别研究转速、轴向载荷和交变温度对空间轴承热学特性的影响。针对空间轴承固体润滑膜MoS2的磨损,基于滚动轴承的运动学、动力学和Archard磨损理论建立空间轴承的磨损模型和寿命模型,分别研究转速和载荷对润滑膜磨损深度的影响规律。在静力学的基础上,考虑装配偏差中径向位置偏差,建立其和径向载荷的关系,探究径向位置偏差影响空间轴承内、外圈沟道不同角位置的磨损状况。针对空间轴承间隙的演化规律,从内外圈配合、轴承温升、预紧力和磨损等角度出发,分别分析轴承间隙随其演化规律。基于弹性力学,分析内外圈过盈量挤压内外圈沟道变形,得到过盈量对轴承间隙的作用机理;依据载荷与变形的关系,揭示轴承间隙随工作载荷变化的规律;在沟道磨损的基础,将磨损量折算成空间轴承半径变化量,确定磨损后轴承新的结构参数,分析磨损后滚珠变形量的变化,确定磨损后轴承间隙。针对空间轴承预紧力演化规律,从装配状况、磨损、交变温度和工作载荷的角度出发,分别分析空间轴承预紧力随其演化规律。为保证对空间轴承精确施加轴向预紧力,在考虑配合处摩擦特性的基础上,分析不同过盈量对初始预紧力与拧紧力矩关系的影响,并通过实验对理论分析予以验证。根据沟道磨损量,计算出空间轴承结构参数变化量,依据变形协调关系分析精密轴系中空间轴承内滚珠变形量的变化量,得到预紧力随磨损深度的演化规律。基于热力学计算交变温度引起精密轴系组件的尺寸和预紧力的变化,揭示预紧力随交变温度的变化规律。采用滚动轴承静力学计算工作载荷下滚珠变形量的变化量,对变形量的变化量进行分析,确定预紧力与工作载荷的关系。针对空间轴承失效模式,通过对空间轴承故障演化趋势进行研究,分析故障的形成因素及其作用机理。根据空间轴承和空间环境的特点,在运行过程中由于润滑膜MoS2磨损导致空间轴承面临着润滑失效和预紧失效;在交变温度的作用下,预测空间轴承可能面临的预紧失效、精度失效、“卡滞”或“卡死”失效、自锁现象、润滑失效和过盈连接失效。搭建交变温度影响预紧力的实验平台,开发预紧力测试软件,验证交变温度影响预紧力的规律。基于空间轴承使用寿命,提出固体润滑空间轴承预紧力优化的新方法。针对交变温度激励预紧力变化,提出选取合适隔套材料来减缓或消除空间轴承热预紧力的方法。为适应交变温度环境,提出一种运行可靠性区域设计方法,确定满足可靠运行条件的初始装配过盈量和预紧力。
[Abstract]:The space bearing is the most basic component of the space organization and the key component of the other components. Therefore, the reliability of the space bearing is the basic guarantee for the normal operation of the space organization, the realization of the predetermined function and the life expectancy. The space bearings work in the space environment, the high and low temperature, the alternating temperature, the high vacuum, the weight loss and the strong radiation for a long time. Environmental factors have obvious negative effects on their working performance and service life. The failure modes mainly include the common failure modes in the ground environment and the unique failure modes caused by the spatial environment factors. This paper mainly studies the mechanism and evolution of the influence factors of the reliability of the space bearing from the theoretical point of view. On the basis of this, the methods and measures for eliminating or slowing down the failure of the environmental factors are proposed on the basis of the failure mode and the mechanism of the space bearing. In this paper, the research object of the space bearing in the precision shafting is to carry out the research on the evolution law of the influence factors of the reliability. The main contents are as follows: in view of the thermal characteristics of the space bearing, the rolling is rolling. On the basis of the quasi static mechanics, heat transfer and friction generating theory of ball bearings, the friction torque and friction heat of solid lubrication space bearings are analyzed. The heat transfer network model of space bearings in space environment is constructed. Finite element simulation, theoretical analysis and experimental research methods are applied to study rotational speed, axial load and alternating temperature on the space axis respectively. In view of the influence of the thermal properties of the space bearing solid lubricating film MoS2, the wear model and life model of the space bearing are established based on the kinematics, dynamics and the Archard wear theory of the rolling bearing. The influence of the speed and load on the wear depth of the lubricating film is studied respectively. On the basis of statics, the diameter of the assembly deviation is considered. The relationship between the position deviation and the radial load is established, and the radial position deviation affects the wear condition of the different angle positions in the space bearing and the outer ring groove. In view of the evolution law of the space bearing clearance, the evolution law of the bearing clearance is analyzed with the angle of the inner and outer rings, the bearing temperature rise, the pretension force and the wear and so on. According to the relationship between the load and the deformation, the variation of the bearing clearance with the working load is revealed, and the wear amount is converted into the change of the radius of the spatial axle bearing radius, and the new structural parameter of the bearing after wear is determined. The change of the deformation of the ball after wear is analyzed, and the clearance of the bearing after wear is determined. According to the evolution law of the pretightening force of the space bearing, the evolution law of the pretightening force of the space bearing is analyzed from the angle of assembly, wear, alternating temperature and working load. In order to ensure the precise application of the axial pretension to the space bearing, the coordination of the bearing is considered. On the basis of the friction characteristics, the influence of the different interference amount on the initial pretightening force and the tightening torque is analyzed, and the theoretical analysis is verified by the experiment. According to the wear amount of the channel, the variation of the structural parameters of the space bearing is calculated. According to the deformation coordination relationship, the change amount of the ball deformation in the space bearing in the precision axis is analyzed. According to the change of the size and pre tightening force of the precision shafting components caused by the thermodynamic calculation of the change of the size and pretightening force of the precision shafting components, the variation of the pre tightening force with the alternating temperature is revealed. The change amount of the deformation of the ball rolling under the static calculation of the rolling bearing is calculated under the static calculation of the working load of the rolling bearing. According to the failure mode of space bearing, through the study of the evolution trend of the space bearing failure, the forming factors and the mechanism of the fault are analyzed. According to the characteristics of the space bearing and the space environment, the lubrication failure and pretension of the bearing space bearing of the lubricating film MoS2 is faced with the lubrication failure and the pretension in the operation process. Under the action of the alternating temperature, the prediction of the pretightening failure, the failure of the precision, the failure of "card stagnation" or "card death", the self locking phenomenon, the lubrication failure and the interference of the interference connection are predicted, and the experimental platform of the alternating temperature affecting the pretightening force is set up, and the pretightening test software is developed to verify the law of the influence of the alternating temperature on the pretightening force. A new method for optimizing the pretightening force of solid lubrication space bearing is put forward by the service life of the space bearing. Aiming at the change of the pre tightening force of the alternating temperature, a method is put forward to reduce or eliminate the thermal pretightening force of the space bearing by selecting suitable spacer material to reduce or eliminate the thermal pretightening force of the space bearing. In order to adapt to the temperature environment of the alternating temperature, a method of regional design for the reliability of transportation is proposed, and the reliability of the method is determined to satisfy the reliability. The initial assembly interference and pretightening force of the operating conditions.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V423

【参考文献】