基于PLC的垃圾压缩站智能控制系统设计

发布时间：2019-07-08 20:25

【摘要】：随着我国城市化的快速进展和人民生活水平的不断提高,大量生活垃圾的产生使得环境问题变得日益严重,许多城市面临着垃圾围城的局面,因此,人们保护环境的呼声和意识越来越高,保护环境成为全球关注的问题。由此,越来越多的环保设备应运而生。垃圾压缩中转站作为众多环卫设备的典型代表,得到了广大人民的认可,它的推广和使用使得环境得到了很大的改善,又杜绝了二次污染,减少了蚊蝇的滋生,提高了转运效率,减轻了工人劳动强度,大大降低了运营成本。基于PLC的垃圾压缩站的控制系统,其性能的好坏直接影响着整个压缩站的正常运行和操作的自动化程度。本课题介绍的垃圾压缩站采用垂直压缩方式,电液式控制,主要从电气和液压两个方面,并结合工程实际和理论分析,实现对垃圾压缩站的智能控制。本文在充分研究国内外垃圾压缩站控制系统的基础上,结合垂直式垃圾压缩站的实际工况,设计了控制系统的总方案,该方案采用欧姆龙PLC作为控制器,然后结合系统的功能要求及总体结构,详细地阐述了控制系统的硬件设计和软件实现,硬件设计包括系统各设备元器件的选型、系统主电路绘制,PLC I/O地址分配及电路设计,软件设计包括PLC控制程序设计以及触摸屏监控画面组态,在以威纶触摸屏软件为载体上,建立了人机对话界面,实现了对压缩设备运行工况的监视以及对生产过程的远程操控和管理。并且将模糊控制算法应用到垃圾压缩中,设计了一种基于欧姆龙PLC的模糊控制器来监测垃圾压缩箱的充盈度,避免了因人工判断失误而带来的不便。同时通过对生活垃圾的智能分类,减少了设备故障的发生,保证了设备工作的正常运行。在液压系统设计方面,根据垃圾压缩设备工况要求,设计了设备的液压系统原理图,并进行了液压缸动作顺序分析,同时计算了液压系统的主要参数,完成了对系统各液压元件的选取。采用PLC的控制技术并结合相应的液压控制系统,从根本上解决了原系统存在的缺点和不足,它具有可靠性高、开放性好、自动化程度强的特点,具有广泛的发展前景。
文内图片：

图片说明：图２．３欧姆龙ＣＰ旧系列ＰＬＣ实物图逡逑
[Abstract]:With the rapid progress of the urbanization and the continuous improvement of the people's living standard, the production of a large amount of domestic garbage makes the environmental problems become more and more serious, and many cities face the situation of the garbage in the city, so people's voice and consciousness of protecting the environment are becoming more and more high, The protection of the environment has become a global concern. As a result, more and more environmental protection equipment comes into being. the garbage compression transfer station, as a typical representative of a plurality of environmental protection devices, is recognized by the people, the popularization and the use of the garbage compression transfer station make the environment greatly improved, the secondary pollution is avoided, the breeding of the mosquito and fly is reduced, the transfer efficiency is improved, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, And the operation cost is greatly reduced. The performance of the control system of the waste compression station based on PLC directly influences the normal operation and operation automation of the whole compression station. In this paper, the vertical compression method and the electro-hydraulic control are adopted for the garbage compression station, and the intelligent control of the garbage compression station is realized by combining the engineering practice and the theoretical analysis. On the basis of fully studying the control system of the domestic and foreign refuse compression station, the general scheme of the control system is designed in combination with the actual working conditions of the vertical garbage compression station. The scheme adopts the Omron PLC as the controller, and then combines the functional requirements and the overall structure of the system. The hardware design and software implementation of the control system are described in detail. The hardware design includes the type selection of all the components of the system, the system main circuit drawing, the PLC I/ O address assignment and the circuit design, the software design includes the PLC control program design and the touch screen monitor screen configuration. In this paper, the man-machine dialogue interface is established on the basis of the Wien touch screen software, and the monitoring of the operating conditions of the compression equipment and the remote control and management of the production process are realized. And the fuzzy control algorithm is applied to the garbage compression, a fuzzy controller based on the Omron PLC is designed to monitor the filling degree of the garbage compression box, and the inconvenience caused by manual judgment errors is avoided. At the same time, through the intelligent classification of the domestic garbage, the occurrence of equipment failure is reduced, and the normal operation of the equipment operation is ensured. In that aspect of the design of the hydraulic system, the schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of the equipment is designed accord to the requirements of the working condition of the garbage compression equipment, and the operation sequence analysis of the hydraulic cylinder is carried out, and the main parameters of the hydraulic system are calculated, and the selection of each hydraulic element of the system is completed. By adopting the control technology of PLC and combining with the corresponding hydraulic control system, the disadvantages and disadvantages of the original system are fundamentally solved, and the control technology has the characteristics of high reliability, good openness and strong automation degree, and has wide development prospect.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X705

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