自愿、决定与品格——《尼各马可伦理学》第三卷论道德责任

发布时间：2018-03-06 20:09

本文选题：亚里士多德　切入点：道德责任　出处：《道德与文明》2014年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在《尼各马可伦理学》第三卷中,亚里士多德对"不自愿"行动的两个条件——受强迫和无知——重新加以了界定,由此推进了古代哲学对于道德责任问题的认识与探讨。一方面,亚里士多德认为只有少数极端情况才构成严格意义上的"受强迫"而做出的不自愿行动,多数混合性的行动尽管也受到外部压力,但是仍然可以归于自愿行动的范畴,行动者需要为此类行动负责。另一方面,通过进一步区分不自愿的行动与非自愿的行动、出于无知的行动和处于无知的行动,亚里士多德将自愿性的焦点从柏拉图所强调的"真知识"转向行动者对于具体环境的把握与判断,并进一步转向行动者的品格。亚里士多德的讨论成功地避免了柏拉图理论中存在的不对称问题,在继续捍卫知识对于行动具有根本重要性的前提下,也要求行动者同样为自己的美德与恶行以及品格的形成负责。这一观点不仅更加符合日常道德直观,同时也为道德哲学和道德心理学的发展开辟了新的空间。
[Abstract]:< > in Nicomachean Ethics in the third volume, two conditions of Aristotle "voluntary" action by force and ignorance -- re defined, thus promote the understanding and discussion of ancient philosophy for moral responsibility. On the one hand, Aristotle believes that only a few extreme cases constitutes strictly "forced" don't make voluntary action, most mixed action although under external pressure, but still can be attributed to the category of voluntary action, actors should be responsible for such action. On the other hand, through further distinction is not a voluntary action and non voluntary action, action and ignorance of ignorance in action, Aristotle voluntary focus from Platon's emphasis on "true knowledge" to the actors for specific environment to grasp and judgment, and further to actor's character. Aristotle's discussion successfully avoided the asymmetry problems in Platon's theory, the knowledge is of fundamental importance to continue to defend action under the premise, also requires the actors also formed their virtues and faults and character responsible. This view not only accords with the daily moral intuition, but also opens up a new space for the development of moral philosophy and moral psychology.

【作者单位】：浙江大学人文学院哲学系;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD72001)
【分类号】：B82-02

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