孝道——一种自然主义的解释

发布时间：2018-04-06 03:00

本文选题：孝道　切入点：儒家思想　出处：《科学技术哲学研究》2014年05期

【摘要】：从进化心理学的角度看,儒家的孝道让人很费解。孝道要求个人将资源优先分给父母,而非子女。我们试图为儒家文化中孝道思想体系的兴起和成功,提供一种自然主义的解释。我们假设,孝道思想意在通过使父母从子女身上获取更多资源而让父母受益,父母这样获取的资源比亲子冲突理论所预测的要多。文章对孝道运用历史上有影响的早期儒家著作,表明孝道极具可塑性,而且孝道还衍生出关于生育习性和择偶的特殊义务。然后,文章分析了进化心理学最近一些实验的结论,证实了以下假设,即在子女的择偶问题上,子女和父母的偏好具有与亲子冲突理论相一致的不对称性。在此基础上,笔者把这些结果和几种跨文化数据进行对比,结果显示,与世界其他地区相比,在东亚受儒家文明影响的文化中,子女在最重要的人生选择上——如何寻求配偶,与谁结婚——更频繁地顺从于父母。对这种现象最好的解释,是诉诸孔孟之道下的儒家孝道思想体系及其在中国文化中的有效传播。文章意在中国思想史研究领域开启跨学科方法之先河,以求更好地理解儒学思想在中国历史上的成功。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, Confucian filial piety is puzzling.Filial piety requires that individuals give priority to resources to their parents rather than to their children.We try to provide a naturalistic explanation for the rise and success of filial piety in Confucian culture.We assume that the idea of filial piety is intended to benefit parents by enabling them to obtain more resources from their children than the theory of parent-child conflict predicts.The article shows that filial piety is extremely plastic and has a special obligation on fertility habits and mate selection in the early Confucian works which have an influence on the application of filial piety in history.Then, this paper analyzes some recent experiments in evolutionary psychology, and confirms the hypothesis that the preferences of children and parents have asymmetry consistent with the theory of parent-child conflict.On this basis, the author contrasts these results with several cross-cultural data. The results show that, compared with other parts of the world, in East Asian cultures influenced by Confucian civilization, children have the most important life choice-how to seek a spouse.Whom to marry-more often obedient to your parents.The best explanation for this phenomenon is the Confucian filial piety system and its effective dissemination in Chinese culture.The purpose of this paper is to open up an interdisciplinary approach in the field of Chinese ideological history in order to better understand the success of Confucianism in Chinese history.
【作者单位】：加州州立大学富勒顿分校哲学系;加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学人类进化、认知与文化中心;
【基金】：“来自中国的挑战”项目
【分类号】：B823

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