道德困境及其消解研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 14:27

本文选题：道德困境 + 道德主体　；参考：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国,随着社会主义现代化的步伐加快,社会道德问题不断涌现,道德困境多维度形成。在这种状况下,社会要健康发展,就要解决社会道德问题。要解决社会道德问题,需先消解来自各方面的不同形式的道德困境。这需要伦理认知的提高和社会方法的引导。本文就是基于这一现实的社会要求而检讨道德困境问题,以此尝试探求其解决之道。其基本思路是通过“道德困境”的学理定义进行类型学划分和形态学探讨,然后在此基础上考察道德困境的成因以及如何消解道德困境的社会伦理原则和方法。第一部分讨论道德困境的基本问题。首先从词源入手,阐述什么是道德困境?揭示道德困境的三重定义,即道德困境,既可是道德主体面对利害权衡与选择的无所适从的迷茫状态,也可指道德主体虽有道德意识但却在行为及其结果两个方面表现出道德无力的两难心理困境,更可指既渴望道德约束又冷漠或解构道德的对峙性社会态势及两相较量的胶着状态。然后以此为思维工具分析道德困境的伦理实质,揭示道德困境产生于利益与道德的颠倒,或可说是实利对道德的胜利,它从根本上展示出社会境遇中人性的不振。最后探讨道德困境的社会类型,分别从家庭、公共生活、环境三个维度予以考察,揭示当前道德困境的多元性、发散性和扩张性特征。在如上探讨的基础上,第二部分对道德困境的形成进行分析,主要从道德困境形成的学理探讨和社会分析两个方面入手:首先,尝试简要地分析了亚里士多德、麦金太尔、弗莱彻和国内学者韩东屏对道德困境的理性认知和时代性反思;然后,分析道德困境产生的多重因素,包括社会、境遇以及政治-经济机制等因素。第三部分探求消解道德困境的社会思路。其努力目标是从个人主体和客观环境两个方面切入,为如何营造一个消解道德困境的社会机制做一尝试性思考。这就是普遍平等公正的社会机制,它不仅要求人自制,也要求完善制度法律。只有通过严谨的制度法律才可以为人们提供行为自知、自信、自制的价值指南和社会规范体系,包括构建利爱有度的认知指南和群己权界的行为准则。无论个体还群体,在实际的生活过程中面对利害取舍与权衡时做到有理可依,以利爱有度为依据来处理人际事务或利害得失,以群己权界为准则来经营个人与社会共生,自愿遵循行为意愿与规范、行为目的与手段、行为动机与效果相统一的原则。面对实际的道德困境,需要对具体性质的内容和问题,运用不同的方法做具体的分析和解决,比如在家庭,化解其道德困境,可以运用情爱的方法;化解公共生活中的道德困境,建立政治正义与制度公平的社会环境,并且运用权责对等的方法最合理;而平等善待和行为忠诚的方式最适合于处理和消解职场生活中出现的道德困境;出现在环境领域的道德困境,则可通过构建“人、社会、环境”共生的行为方式来治理。总之,道德困境多种多样,其解决的方法也千变万化,但万变不离其宗,这就是利爱有度和群己权界,这是运用各种方法来化解社会道德困境所需要遵循的根本社会准则。
[Abstract]:In our country, with the quickening pace of socialist modernization and the emergence of social moral problems, the moral dilemma is formed in many dimensions. Under this situation, the social moral problem is to be solved by the healthy development of society. To solve the social moral problems, the moral dilemma from various forms should be solved first. This requires ethical cognition. This article is based on the social requirements of this reality to review the problem of moral dilemma and try to find the way to solve it. The basic idea is to make typology and morphology through the definition of "moral dilemma", and then to investigate the causes of the moral dilemma and how to eliminate it. The social ethics principles and methods of moral dilemma. The first part discusses the basic problems of moral dilemma. First, from the etymology, what is the moral dilemma? The three definition of moral dilemma, that is, the moral dilemma, is not only the confused state of the moral subject in the face of the trade-offs and choices, but also the moral subject. The dilemma of moral weakness in the two aspects of behavior and its result is morality, but it can also refer to the confronting social situation and the two phase contest, which yearn for moral restraint and apathy or Deconstruction of morality. The reversal of morality, or can be said to be a solid victory for morality, is a fundamental demonstration of the lack of human nature in the social situation. Finally, it explores the social types of moral dilemma, from the three dimensions of family, public life and environment, to reveal the pluralism, divergences and expansionary characteristics of the current moral dilemma. In the second part, the second part analyses the formation of moral dilemma, mainly from two aspects of moral dilemma and social analysis. First, it tries to analyze the rational cognition and time reflection of Aristotle, Macintyre, Fletcher and domestic scholar Han Dongping on moral dilemma, and then analyze the moral dilemma. The multiple factors of life, including society, circumstances and political economic mechanism. The third part explores the social thought of eliminating the moral dilemma. Its goal is to make a tentative thinking on how to create a social mechanism to dispel the moral dilemma. This is universal equality and justice. The social mechanism requires not only self-control but also the perfection of institutional laws. Only through strict institutional laws can we provide people with behavioral self-knowledge, self-confidence, self-made value guides and social norms, including the construction of a cognitive guide to the degree of love and the rules of behavior in the group of self-governing bodies. In order to deal with the trade-off and trade-offs, it is reasonable to rely on the benefits and trade-offs, in order to deal with interpersonal affairs or gains and losses on the basis of love, and to manage individual and social symbiosis on the basis of the right community, and voluntarily follow the principle of unity of behavior intention and standard, behavior purpose and means, behavior motivation and effect. We should use different methods to analyze and solve the specific content and problems, such as the family, the moral dilemma, the use of love, the moral dilemma in the public life, the establishment of political justice and a fair social environment, and the use of equal rights and responsibilities; and equal treatment and treatment. The way of behavior loyalty is most suitable for dealing with and dispelling the moral dilemma in the life of the workplace; the moral dilemma in the field of environment can be governed by the construction of the symbiotic behavior of "human, society and environment". In a word, the moral dilemma is varied and its solution is varied, but it is not separated from its religion, which is the benefit of love. It is a basic social criterion to use various methods to solve social moral dilemmas.

【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-02

【参考文献】