问题与创造

发布时间：2018-02-10 06:06

本文关键词： 问题创造认识创造认识论　出处：《中共中央党校》2001年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 创造与创新无疑已经成为了我们这一时代最为突出的主题，创造力是决定每一领域中各方竞争胜负的决定性因素。创造力水平如何可以通过问题发现和解决的能力高低体现出来，因此从学理的角度对问题与创造之间的密切关系进行深入研究，就必然具有重要的理论和现实意义。本论文就是基于此种考虑，不片面强调创造的重要性，立足于为创造认识提供一种科学有效的问题方法论。论文围绕着问题这一核心概念，阐述了问题与创造认识的关系，包括如何运用问题思维方法来提高创造认识水平、如何通过对问题的关注实现对创造认识的客观评价、如何运用问题方法进行创造力培养等几方面主要内容。从整体上看，全文由以下几大部分构成：绪论部分，对论文研究的缘起和意义作了简要说明，同时对创造、创新、问题等几个基本概念作了界说，并就创造与创新、创造与创造认识、问题与创造之间的相互关系进行分析，从而确立了论文研究的主要方法和基本内容。第一章，主要是对问题研究的历史和现状进行梳理。任何研究都必须站在前人的肩上进行，本研究也不例外。在这一章中，主要的思路首先是沿着一些重要思想家的理论思路，对哲学史、逻辑学、方法论、教育哲学、科学哲学和马克思主义等方面的问题思想做化零为整的工作；其次是对心理学、人工智能、信息管理工程、逻辑学领域一个时期以来关于问题与创造研究中值得重视的成果进行分析总结；最后根据我国哲学界当前对问题与创造认识的研究现状，提出从问题意识中发展出问题方法论的初步构想。第二章，本着马克思主义的立场和观点，阐明实践、问题与认识之间的相互关系。马克思主义认识论坚持实践是认识的源泉，是认识产生和发展的动力，是检验认识真理性的惟一标准。论文在此基础上，通过对问题与认识关系的考察，区分了一般认识与创造认识，说明问题作为已有认识的成果，是创造认识的起点，并且为创造认识提供动力，也是认识成果创造度的评价尺度之一。实践与问题同样和认识（包括创造认识）存在着密不可分的联系，论文对它们之间联系之异同进行了比较。第三章，分别从语言学、逻辑学、心理学和哲学的角度对问题的类型划分作出说明，指出了问题分类应该坚持的合理性、实践性、综合性三原则。论文还归纳出认识中问题的范域性、客观性、主观性、待解性、可证性、明晰性、探索性、时代性和复杂性等特点，并从问题发生发展的线性、树冠状分化与网状结构的分析中，总结出问题的连续性、跳跃性以及两者的辩证统一规律。第四章，说明了创造认识的过程就是问题不断提出和解决的过程，而问题的提出和解决又是不可分割地联系在一起的。正因为在问题的提出和解决过程中，都凝结着认识的创造性，所以我们要善于发现和提出问题，讲求解决问题的科学方法。根据对不同形式创造认识中的问题所做的比较，论文从问题这一独特视角，对自然科学认识与社舍人文艺术等学科中创造力随年龄。变化不同的现象给予了说明。论文还指出了提出和解答问题的合理性原则。第五章，在对创造认识过程中问题的认识地位和问题方法进行分析之后，从认识评价的角度，进一步说明建构问题评价规范体系对于克服当前各种评价方法之不足的重要性和合理性，同时也指出了问题评价方法建立与应用的困难及其完善的途径。第六章，，强调了问题具有定向、激励、审美、启智等几个方面的认识功能，表明了问题思维与创造性思维之间的紧密联系，提出应该在素质教育与创造力培养过程中重视问题思维方法的灵活应用。最后，在结语中，论文基于问题研究的时代意义、方法论意义和对问题研究现状的认识，对问题研究的前景进行展望，指明开展问题与创造认识研究的几条思路。
[Abstract]:Creativity and innovation have undoubtedly become the most prominent theme of our time, creativity is a decision
Determine the decisive factor in the competition in each field. How can creativity be made through problems
The ability to present and solve the problem is reflected, so the close between the problem and the creation from the perspective of theory
The in-depth study of the relationship is bound to have important theoretical and practical significance. This paper is based on this
Considering the importance of creating, it is based on a scientific and effective way to create knowledge.
The thesis focuses on the core concept of the problem and expounds the relationship between the problem and the creation of knowledge.
It includes how to use the method of thinking to improve the level of creativity and how to focus on the problem.
The objective evaluation of creative cognition and how to use the problem method to cultivate the creativity are the main aspects
As a whole, the full text is made up of the following parts:
In the introduction part, the origin and significance of the research are briefly explained. At the same time, the creation, innovation, and innovation are also made.
Problems and other basic concepts are defined, and creation and innovation, creation and creation of knowledge, problems and
The relationship between creation is analyzed, which establishes the main method and the basic within the research of the paper.
Volume.
The first chapter is to sort out the history and present situation of the problem research.
This study is no exception on the shoulders of the predecessors. In this chapter, the main idea is to follow the first step.
The theoretical ideas of some important thinkers, the history of philosophy, logic, methodology, philosophy of education, science
Marx's thought of philosophy and other aspects of the problem do the work is to gather parts into a whole; secondly psychology,
Artificial intelligence, information management engineering, and a period of research on Problems and creation in the field of logic
An analysis and summary of the achievements worth paying attention to; finally, according to the current understanding of problems and creation in our philosophical circles
The present situation of the research is put forward, and the preliminary idea of developing the problem methodology from the problem consciousness is put forward.
The second chapter, in line with the standpoint and view of Marx's doctrine, clarifies the practice, the problem and the understanding.
The Marx doctrine epistemology adheres to practice as the source of cognition and the emergence and development of cognition.
Motivation is the only standard to test the truth of truth.
The investigation of the relationship distinguishes the general knowledge and the creation of the knowledge, and illustrates the problems as the achievements of the existing knowledge.
It is the starting point of the creation of knowledge, and the motivation for the creation of knowledge, and the evaluation of the creativity of the knowledge.
One of the yardsticks. Practice and problems are inextricably linked to knowledge, including creativity.
The paper compares the similarities and differences between them.
In the third chapter, the types of problems are divided from the perspectives of linguistics, logic, psychology and philosophy.
The points are illustrated and the three principles of rationality, practicality and comprehensiveness should be pointed out in the classification of problems.
The paper also sums up the scope, objectivity, subjectivity, unsolvability, verifiability and clarity of the problems in the cognition.
The characteristics of clarity, exploration, times and complexity, and the linearity of the development of the problem, the tree coronal
In the analysis of differentiation and reticulation, the continuity, leaping, and the dialectic of the two are summarized.
A rule.
The fourth chapter shows that the process of creating knowledge is the process of putting forward and solving problems.
The proposition and solution are inextricably linked together. It is precisely because the problem is put forward and solved.
In the process, the creativity of cognition is congealed, so we should be good at discovering and putting forward the problems and solving the problem.
A scientific method of solving a problem. A comparison of the problems in creating different forms of understanding from different forms.
This is a unique perspective on creativity with age in disciplines such as natural science and social arts.
The phenomenon of different changes has been explained. The paper also points out the rationalization principle of putting forward and answering questions.
The fifth chapter is to analyze the status and methods of the problems in the process of creative cognition
Then, from the perspective of cognitive evaluation, it is further explained that the standard system of evaluation of construction problems can be overcome to overcome the current situation.
The importance and rationality of the deficiency of the evaluation method are also pointed out, and the establishment and application of the evaluation method is also pointed out.
The difficulties and the ways to improve it.
The sixth chapter emphasizes the problems with orientation, motivation, aesthetic understanding, intelligence and other aspects of the work
It shows the close connection between the problem thinking and the creative thinking, and puts forward that it should be in quality education and
In the process of creativity training, we should attach importance to the flexible application of the thinking method of the problem.
Finally, in the conclusion, the thesis is based on the significance of the times, the significance of methodology and the problem of the problem.
The understanding of the present situation, the prospect of the study of the problem, the development of problems and the creation of knowledge research
Several ways of thinking.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：B804.6

【引证文献】