罗素—奎因单独词项理论研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 00:04

本文选题：弗雷格　切入点：罗素　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：早在古希腊时期,柏拉图就提出了有关单独词项的一个悖论,即:人们声称某个东西不存在——比如令狐冲——一定也是存在的,否则不能自圆其说。因为,如果令狐冲根本就不存在,那么无论说他存在还是不存在都是没有意义的。两千多年来,关于“非存在之谜”始终未有圆满的解悖方案,这主要是因为我们对单独词项未能有恰当的逻辑分析。如果对于此问题不能予以满意的解答,那么伴随单独词项而来的一系列问题诸如否定存在句问题、对空名谓述句的逻辑分析问题等等都将得不到有效的解决。本文旨在通过对单独词项进行逻辑分析,来说明现代数理逻辑的分析法在消解哲学伪问题和澄清概念的重要作用。本文分为三个部分:第一部分论述有关单独词项的四个困惑,首先通过介绍和辨析弗雷格、罗素对什么是单独词项的论述,对单独词项的涵义给出一个界定。之后讨论四个有关单独词项的逻辑和哲学困惑,以便更好地理解罗素——奎因的单独词项理论。第二部分介绍罗素的摹状词理论,由弗雷格的专名理论说起,接着说明罗素出于对弗雷格的理论有不同看法而提出的摹状词理论,继而又根据罗素的理论对第一部分的部分困惑作出解答,最后分析罗素的摹状词理论中隐含的问题以及一些哲学家的批评。第三部分说明奎因的单独词项理论,重点说明了他的理论是如何由罗素的摹状词发展而来,包括对单独词项与自由变项的讨论,如何把专名解释为摹状词以及单独词项的语境定义。总之,罗素——奎因的单独词项理论的意义,一是增加了逻辑理论的概括性程度,二是具有哲学上的价值。就前者而言,是因为他们的做法适用于所有语境中的单独词项,就后者来说,是因为他们的做法使得某种理论的本体论承诺变得一清二楚。
[Abstract]:As early as ancient Greece, Plato put forward a paradox about individual terms, that is, people claim that something does not exist-for example, Linghuchong-must also exist, otherwise it cannot be justified. If Linghuchong does not exist at all, then it makes no sense to say that he exists or does not exist. For more than 2,000 years, there has been no satisfactory solution to the "mystery of nonexistence". This is mainly because we do not have a proper logical analysis of a single word item. If the answer to this question is not satisfactory, then a series of questions that accompany a single word item, such as a negative existential sentence, The problem of logical analysis of empty predicate sentence and so on will not be solved effectively. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part discusses four puzzles about individual word items, first, by introducing and discriminating Frege, Russell's exposition of what is a single word item, gives a definition of the meaning of a single word item, and then discusses four logical and philosophical puzzles about a single word item. In order to better understand Russell Quinn's theory of individual terms. The second part introduces Russell's theory of description, starting with Frege's theory of proper name, and then explains Russell's theory of description because of his different views on Frege's theory. Then, according to Russell's theory, some puzzles of the first part are answered. Finally, the implicit problems in Russell's theory of description and the criticism of some philosophers are analyzed. The third part explains Quinn's theory of individual terms. It mainly explains how his theory developed from Russell's description, including the discussion of individual word item and free variable, how to interpret proper name as description and context definition of individual word item. The meaning of Russell Quinn's theory of individual terms is to increase the generality of the logical theory and to have philosophical value. In the former case, it is because their approach applies to individual words in all contexts, and in the case of the latter, It is because of their approach that the ontological promise of a certain theory is made clear.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B81-0

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