复合命题推理的发展性研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 07:38

本文选题：演绎推理　切入点：复合命题推理　出处：《华南师范大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 我们研究了8-10岁的儿童，青少年和成年人的复合命题推理发展。一共有128名被试参加了本实验。实验采用命题-图形匹配的方法，考察了复合命题推理的所有5种类型，结果表明：(1)复合命题推理在儿童期、少年期和成年期显著获得发展。(2)复合命题的推理，支持了心理模型理论。推理的难易，可以从心理模型的数目多少中获得预测。需要构建多个心理模型的推理问题比双模型推理问题难，，而双模型推理问题又比单模型推理问题难。(3)复合命题推理的发展，同样支持了心理模型理论。3种模型问题的推理呈现不同的发展步调和态势。单模型推理在小学阶段已经很好地获得发展，双模型推理在初中阶段获得较好的发展，三模型推理发展较迟，即使成年期仍未能很好地发展完备。从而得到了与皮亚杰阶段论不同的结果。(4)各种类型的推理问题也表现出不同的发展特点。联言推理的能力在小学阶段已基本完备；选言推理和充分必要条件推理在小学阶段也得到了初步的发展，在初中和大学阶段显著获得发展，并可以达到较高的水平；充分条件推理和必要条件推理能力基本上要到初中才初步具备，并需要终生发展，难以达到较高的水平。
[Abstract]:We studied the development of complex propositional reasoning in children, adolescents and adults aged 8 to 10 years. A total of 128 subjects participated in this experiment. All five types of complex propositional reasoning were investigated by using the proposition-graph matching method. The results show that the complex propositional reasoning develops significantly in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, which supports the mental model theory. We can get the prediction from the number of mental models. The reasoning problem that needs to build multiple mental models is more difficult than that of double model reasoning, and the problem of double model reasoning is more difficult than that of single model reasoning. It also supports the reasoning of psychological model theory. 3 kinds of model problems show different development pace and situation. Single model reasoning has been developed well in primary school, and double model reasoning has developed better in junior middle school. The development of three-model reasoning is late. All kinds of reasoning problems show different developmental characteristics even in adulthood. The ability of associative reasoning is basically complete in primary school; The choice of speech reasoning and the necessary and sufficient reasoning have also got the preliminary development in the primary school stage, in the junior middle school and the university stage has obtained the remarkable development, and can attain the higher level; The ability of sufficient conditional reasoning and necessary condition reasoning is not available until junior high school, and it needs lifelong development, so it is difficult to reach a higher level.
【学位授予单位】：华南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：B812

【引证文献】