存在问题的逻辑语言维度

发布时间：2018-03-18 08:08

本文选题：存在　切入点：谓词　出处：《现代哲学》2006年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：存在问题在分析哲学的背景下取得了深入细致的研究成果。在“何谓存在”问题上,围绕“存在”是不是个体的属性从而是不是逻辑谓词的争论呈现出三派观点:弗雷格、罗素等从一阶逻辑出发,认为“存在”不是逻辑谓词,而是量词;皮尔士、斯特劳森等结合精致的自然语言分析,认为“存在”在某些特殊情况下表达了个体的属性,是一种特殊的谓词;自由逻辑学家则从自由逻辑的角度给出了肯定的答案。在“何物存在”问题上,蒯因“存在就是约束变项的值”的本体论承诺标准机智地揭示了存在问题的语言学实质。可以说,利用一阶逻辑解释存在问题的方法是比较成功的。如果将弗雷格、罗素的一阶语言扩展到高阶语言,则既能与蒯因的理论连贯一致,又能避免无谓的
[Abstract]:In the context of analytical philosophy, existential problems have made intensive research results. On the question of "what is existence", there are three views on whether "being" is an attribute of an individual and thus is a logical predicate: Frege. Russell et al, starting from first-order logic, think that "existence" is not a logical predicate, but a quantifier; Pearce, Strausen and others, combining with delicate natural language analysis, think that "being" expresses the attributes of an individual under certain special circumstances. Is a special predicate; a liberal logician gives a definite answer from the point of view of free logic. Quine's ontological commitment standard, "existence is the value of constrained variables," cleverly reveals the linguistic nature of the existential problem. It can be said that the method of explaining the existence of a problem by first-order logic is more successful. When Russell's first-order language extends to higher-order languages, it can be consistent with Quine's theory and avoid pointless.
【作者单位】：南开大学哲学系南开大学哲学系
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目《逻辑学在人文科学中的应用》(02JAZJD720018)。
【分类号】：B812

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