从名称的演进看逻辑和哲学的融合

发布时间：2018-11-06 20:30

【摘要】： 名称理论是语言哲学研究的一个很重要的部分,这也从某种程度上肯定了现代逻辑在语言哲学中的作用。从弗雷格的专名理论,罗素的摹状词理论,再到克里普克的历史因果理论的研究,都是在现代逻辑的基础上进行的。纵观西方哲学史,我们可以看到西方的哲学家们的哲学研究,正是利用了逻辑这门技术。从认识论转向到语言学转向,这个转化体现了哲学研究从关注客观世界转而到关注“人的认识本身对世界的作用”,这样一个转化表明人更加注重对自身主体性的研究。那么人对世界的认识是要靠语言来表达的,哲学研究在关注人的主体性认识的时候发现“语言”在其中的重要作用。人的认识为什么会有千差万别,就因为语言的问题,就是语言与客观世界的对应问题,也就是说不同的语言在指称客观事物时,语言在表达客观世界时都会产生问题,阻碍人类认识和改造世界的恰恰就是这个我们使用的工具——语言出了问题,如果我们能搞清语言的问题,那么认识世界和改造世界就会变的不那么纷繁复杂,所以这些哲学家们开始关注语言。然而分析语言是需要工具的,逻辑就是这样一个合适的工具,换句话说,我们用逻辑这个工具把语言分析清楚了,那么我们关于世界的认识,对于世界的改造也就自然而然了,这样我们的哲学研究也就成功了。在这个意义上讲,逻辑是哲学的本质,因为绕过这个工具,哲学研究就无法进行。要说清楚以上这样一个脉络,就要选取一个角度。本文就从“名称的演进”这个角度来谈逻辑与哲学的融合。“名称”是语言的起点,也是语言与世界对应的关键点。根据对在哲学史上具有代表性的三位重量级的哲学家各自的理论的详细介绍,指出了他们之间前者对后者的启发和后者对前者批判性的继承,站在“名称演进”这个角度上具体看看逻辑与哲学的融合,看看他们之间相互促进的发展。
[Abstract]:Name theory is an important part of linguistic philosophy, which to some extent affirms the role of modern logic in linguistic philosophy. From Frege's theory of proper name, Russell's theory of description to Kripke's theory of historical causality, it is based on modern logic. Throughout the history of western philosophy, we can see that the philosophy of western philosophers is using the technology of logic. The shift from epistemology to linguistics reflects the shift of philosophical studies from focusing on the objective world to focusing on "the role of human cognition itself in the world", which shows that people pay more attention to the study of their own subjectivity. Therefore, people's understanding of the world depends on language, and philosophical studies have found that language plays an important role in the process of paying close attention to the subjective cognition of human beings. Why do people have so many different understandings? just because the language problem is the correspondence between language and the objective world, that is to say, when different languages refer to objective things, language will have problems in expressing the objective world. It is precisely the tool that we use that prevents us from understanding and transforming the world-language problems, and if we can figure out the language problems, then understanding the world and transforming the world will become less complicated. So these philosophers began to focus on language. But analyzing languages requires tools, and logic is a suitable tool. In other words, we use logic as a tool to analyze language clearly, and then our understanding of the world, the transformation of the world, is natural. In this way, our philosophical research will be successful. In this sense, logic is the essence of philosophy, because philosophical research cannot be carried out by circumventing this tool. If you want to clarify the above such a context, you must choose an angle. This paper talks about the fusion of logic and philosophy from the angle of the evolution of name. Name is not only the starting point of language, but also the key point of language and the world. Based on the detailed introduction of the theories of the three heavyweight philosophers who are representative in the history of philosophy, the author points out the inspiration of the former to the latter and the critical inheritance of the former by the latter. From the angle of "name evolution", we can see the fusion of logic and philosophy, and the mutual promotion between them.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：B812

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