行政执法方式变革研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 06:01

本文关键词：行政执法方式变革研究　出处：《武汉大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文立足于社会管理创新的宏观场景,指出对当下的行政执法方式进行变革。从一定意义上讲,法律的生命在于执行。在行政执法实践中,执法主体如何适应社会新形势,以改革创新的精神推进执法方式变革,是一个紧迫性、现实性的问题。本文提出,在执法风险、执法服务、执法多元、执法民主理念的指导下,在行政法治、正当性原则、公众参与、比例原则的统率下,构建建立科学的执法方式选择库,包括执法前信息系统、执法中选择系统、执法后反馈系统,以期实现行政执法方式变革。论文由引言、正文、结语三部分组成。引言分为：问题的提出、研究现状、研究意义、研究方法和写作框架与思路。正文分为以下六章。第一章为“行政执法方式概述”。对研究对象及其相关概念的界定与分析,是科学研究活动必不可少的一项基础性工作。研究行政执法方式,首先必须明确行政执法、行政执法方式等基本范畴的界定、特征、功能等基本内容。本章主要对涉及的几个基本概念进行初步阐释,进而梳理行政执法方式的功能、类型以及与相关范畴之间的基本关系,力求对行政执法方式的基本问题有一个总体掌握。行政执法方式即为行政行为的表现形式,行政许可、行政救助、行政强制、行政处罚、行政征收、行政指导、行政合同等都是常见的执法形式。第二章为“行政执法方式变革的社会场景”。从社会管理创新的角度,论述行政机关的职能定位；接着,论述社会管理创新对行政执法的基本要求。行政执法方式的变革作为社会管理创新的基本内容之一,它只是社会管理创新中的一个子系统,二者之间区别明显。但是,社会管理创新与行政执法方式变革具有内在契合性：首先,论述行政执法方式变革是社会管理创新的一个重要内容,行政执法方式变革是社会管理创新的应有之义；其次,从方法论的角度论述行政执法方式变革是加强和创新社会管理的方向和依托；再次,行政执法变革与社会管理创新存在诸多共通之处,行政执法方式变革是社会管理创新的必然要求。第三章为“我国行政执法发展的历史回顾与现状反思”。现实是历史的延续与发展,探究现阶段社会管理创新中行政执法方式变革离不开对我国行政执法发展历史的回顾与总结,以期全面地认识和把握我国行政执法发展的演变历程,总结共性的规律与经验,完善其不足与缺陷。本文梳理了我国行政执法发展的历史阶段,归纳了各个阶段的不同特点,反思了行政执法方式的现状,得出了行政执法方式确有改进变革之必要的结论。第四章为“行政执法方式发展的国际比较与启示”。行政执法方式作为当代法治社会一项重要的行政法制度,是一个世界性的课题。特别是自20世纪70年代末期以来,西方行政执法领域发生了重大变化。因此有必要对西方不同国家行政执法发展的基本趋势及其运作概况作比较法的考察,包括法国法、德国法、美国法、英国法和日本法,以期充分认识并借鉴其有益经验。本文分析指出,各国的行政执法发展在以下方面对我们有所启示：执法权力的行使手段方面,从主要依靠强制转变为主要依靠相对人的合作；行政执法主体方面,从单一化转变为多元化；在行政执法权力的作用领域方面,从规制转变为放松规制；在行政执法的具体方式方面,从刚性转变为柔性。第五章为“行政执法方式变革的理性思考与路径分析”。大力开展行政执法方式变革是法治社会的呼唤,是时代的选择。行政执法机关理应成为变革行政执法方式的主体力量,理应在行政执法中掀起创新管理的高潮。本文主要从理念更新、原则指导和构建系统三个层面探讨行政执法变革的路径。本文主张行政执法方式必须树立执法风险、执法服务、执法多元、执法民主的基本理念；必须遵循行政法治原则、正当性原则、公众参与原则、比例原则；必须建立健全行政执法体系、构建科学的执法方式备选库,包括执法前信息系统、执法中选择系统、执法后反馈系统。行政执法方式的形成是多种因素合力的结果,我们必须结合我国行政执法的实际,综合考虑多种因素稳健推进。第六章为“新型行政执法方式的实证分析”。近年来,随着社会管理创新的不断深入,行政执法方式逐渐发生变化,大大改变了行政执法和行政法治的面貌。行政执法方式正由单纯的刚性执法向刚柔并用方式转变,一些体现参与性、互动性、协商性和可选择性的执法方式,如行政约见、行政承诺、行政合同、行政奖励等柔性执法方式,在执法实务中运用得越来越多,更加符合民主化、协商化、多元化等世界发展趋势。这些新型执法方式大大提高了行政管理效率,有效地维护了人民的合法权益,产生了良好的法律效果与社会效果,充分体现了以人为本、文明执法的本质。本章即着眼于我国当前行政执法实践中出现的新型执法方式,意图抽象出其共性与规律,构建适合我国行政执法实际的执法制度,从而进一步促进我国行政执法的创新发展。结语为“行政执法方式变革的展望”。行政执法方式变革是社会管理创新大潮中的一条小流,变革之路任重道路远。在社会管理创新的宏大场景下,行政执法方式变革面临发展的机遇,也将遇到实际的阻力。
[Abstract]:Macro scene based on social management innovation, points out that the administrative law enforcement way of current change. In a certain sense, the life of the law lies in the implementation. In the practice of administrative law enforcement, law enforcement body how to adapt to the new social situation, promote the transformation of the mode of law enforcement in the spirit of reform and innovation, is a real urgency. The problem. In this paper, the law enforcement risk, law enforcement, law enforcement and law enforcement of democratic pluralism, under the guidance of the concept of the rule of administrative law, the principle of legitimacy of public participation, in the principle of proportionality, establishment of law enforcement Science Library, including law enforcement information system, selection system of law enforcement, law enforcement and feedback the system, in order to realize the transformation of administrative law enforcement. The paper consists of introduction, text, conclusion of three parts. The introduction is divided into: the problem, research status, research significance, research methods and writing framework and ideas. The text is divided into the following six chapters.
The first chapter is the overview of the administrative law enforcement way. The definition and analysis of research object and its related concepts, is a fundamental work of essential scientific research activities. Research on the administrative law enforcement way, first must be clear about the basic category of administrative law enforcement, administrative law enforcement way such as definition, characteristics, function and basic content of this chapter. On several basic concepts involved in the preliminary interpretation, and then find the way of administrative enforcement of law, the basic relationship between the type and the related areas, have an overall grasp to the basic problems of the administrative law enforcement way. Forms, the administrative law enforcement way for administrative license, administrative assistance, administrative enforcement, administrative the punishment, administrative expropriation, administrative guidance, administrative contract is a common form of law enforcement.
The second chapter is "the change of the administrative law enforcement way social scene". From the social point of view of management innovation, discusses the functions of administrative organs; then, the basic requirements of the administrative law enforcement on the innovation of social management. The administrative law enforcement way transformation as the basic content of the social management innovation, it is only a subset of the social management innovation system, the difference between the two is obvious. However, the change of social management innovation and the administrative law enforcement way is consistent: first, discuss the administrative law enforcement reform is an important content of the innovation of social management, reform of administrative law enforcement is the proper meaning of social management innovation; secondly, change from the perspective of methodology of administration the way of law enforcement is the direction and rely on strengthening and innovating social management; thirdly, the innovation of administrative law enforcement reform and social management has many common administrative law enforcement. The reform of the type is the inevitable requirement of the innovation of social management.
The third chapter is "the administrative law enforcement of the development of China's historical review and Reflection on the current situation." the reality is the continuation and development history of the reform in the administrative law enforcement way of social management innovation in present stage cannot do without review and summary of the development history of China's administrative law enforcement, in order to fully understand and grasp the evolution of the development of our administrative law enforcement in summary, the common law and experience, improve its shortcomings and deficiencies. This paper reviews the historical stage of the development of China's administrative law enforcement, summed up the different characteristics of each stage, and reflect on the status of administrative law enforcement mode, that is the administrative law enforcement way change necessary conclusions.
The fourth chapter is "the international comparison and Enlightenment of the development of the administrative law enforcement way. The administrative enforcement of law as an important administrative law system of the rule of law in contemporary society, is a world topic. Especially since the end of the 1970s, major changes in the western area of administrative law enforcement. Therefore it is necessary to examine the situation of the basic trend of the West in different countries the development and operation of administrative law enforcement for comparative law, including the French law, German law, American law, British law and Japanese law, in order to fully understand and learn from their experiences. This paper points out that the development of the administrative law enforcement to enlighten us in the following aspects: the law enforcement authority means, from rely mainly on forced into a mainly rely on the cooperation of private party; administrative law enforcement body, the transition from single to diversification; in the administrative law enforcement power field, From regulation to deregulation, the change from rigidity to flexibility in the specific way of administrative law enforcement.
The fifth chapter is the analysis of rational thinking and way of reforming the way of administrative enforcement of law. The administrative law enforcement way is to vigorously carry out the transformation of society under the rule of the call, is the choice of the times. The administrative law enforcement organs should become the main force to change the way of administrative enforcement of law, should be in the administrative law enforcement lifted the climax of innovation management. This paper mainly from the concept of update the path of the three aspects of the administrative law enforcement reform guiding principles and construction of system. This paper argues that the administrative law enforcement way must set up the law enforcement risk, law enforcement, law enforcement and law enforcement yuan, basic concept of democracy; must follow the principles of administrative law, the principle of legitimacy, the principle of proportionality; the principle of public participation, we must establish and perfect the system of administrative law enforcement, law enforcement construction scientific databases, including law enforcement information system, selection system of law enforcement, law enforcement after the feedback system. The formation of the administrative law enforcement way is As a result of the combination of factors, we must combine the practice of administrative law enforcement in our country and consider a variety of factors to push forward steadily.
The sixth chapter is the empirical analysis of new administrative law enforcement way. In recent years, with the deepening of the innovation of social management, administrative enforcement mode gradually changed, greatly changed the administrative law enforcement and administrative law aspect. The administrative law enforcement way by pure rigid enforcement to soft and rigid mode, some reflect the participation. Interactive, negotiation and selective law enforcement, such as administrative appointments, administrative commitment, administrative contract, administrative reward and flexible way of law enforcement, law enforcement in practice by more and more, more in line with democratic consultation, the world development trend of diversification. These new ways of law enforcement can greatly improve the efficiency of administrative management. To effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the people, have a good legal effect and social effect, fully embodies the people-oriented, nature of civilized law enforcement. This chapter is focusing on China's current line The new way of law enforcement in the practice of administrative law enforcement aims at abstracting its generality and rules, and constructing a law enforcement system suitable for the actual enforcement of administrative law in China, so as to further promote the innovation and development of administrative law enforcement in China.
The "Outlook" change the way of administrative enforcement of law. The innovation of the administrative law enforcement way is a small flow of the tide of social management innovation in the reform of the road a long way to run. In the grand scene of the innovation of social management, reform of the administrative law enforcement way facing the opportunity of development, will also meet the actual resistance.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.1

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