司法信任危机与公众认知失调归因探析

发布时间：2018-01-02 13:16

本文关键词：司法信任危机与公众认知失调归因探析　出处：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：这是一个自媒体高度发展，也是一个公众参与司法热情极度膨胀的时代。近五年来，“药家鑫”案、“天津许云鹤”案、“泸州二奶继承”案、“聂树彬”案判决结果一经出台，网络上民声便颇多不满、民意更是沸反盈天：言必称司法不公、论必及判决猫腻。仿佛每个人都代表着正义，每句话都充满了真理，大家抱团攻占社会道德滑坡处的巴士底狱便天下太平一般。热情的另一面，即是狂热，狂热本身又具备着非理性的标签。公共事务放诸意见市场自由辩论，，是古典民主的最原始体现，而在代议制民主盛行多年的当前社会，很快表现出了对公共辩论模式的不适应：司法信任危机的应运而生，成为了我国步入社会主义现代化法治国家进程中的最大羁绊，也在某些程度上增加了社会的不安定因素。司法信任属于司法公信力的部分体现：司法权力彰显的公权力信用，与公众对司法判决结果认知产生的信任，二者联动，组成了司法公信力的运转结构。探究司法信任危机归因，显然从公权力信用与公众认知两方面着手。然而这二者之间亦非孤立存在，正义的张力以司法活动体现、信任存乎公众一心，公众认知而后在精神层面皈依法理，也是司法活动的深层次意义体现，传媒对司法活动的宣传，作为杠杆联结并且平衡着两端。结合对某些案例的实证研究，吵得沸沸扬扬的“天津许云鹤”案以二审维持原判告终，二审法院出具了较为权威的证据链表明许云鹤确实撞了王秀芝，事实并非如早期宣传般扑朔迷离；“药家鑫”案以药家鑫被判处死刑告终、公众皆大欢喜，当我们回归人性的思考，为什么要狂欢着处死我们的同类？“泸州二奶继承”案，法官违背法律适用一般原理、驳回“二奶”原告追回遗产诉讼请求，公众额手称庆，但实质上还是个“情理”高于“法理”的中国式判决。民意与司法活动落差产生的很大原因，一定程度在于媒体长期以来对司法活动的选择性报道宣传，但也不能将司法信任危机与公众认知失调之因全归于媒体导向，某些典型案例的司法活动本身亦有不妥之处：河北“聂树彬”案中聂树彬一审在只有被告人供述、证据不足，程序严重违法的情况下于1995年被判死刑立即执行，十二年后家人才拿到判决书，而真凶落网近十年聂树彬仍然沉冤难雪。除却司法信任危机与公众认知失调归因中的传媒责任承担，司法活动方面的纰漏亦会加深公众对法律信仰的裂痕。按照德沃金的政治哲学理论，不能对公民权利做到合法保护的司法体系，公民就没有义务为它献出自己的信仰忠诚，这是司法活动本身所应承担的责任。以群体行为模式为起点，具体分析媒体、司法机关与公众的应然行为模式后，将构建良性司法信任与公众认知系统进行研究，才能回到选题的实际意义中：对司法信任的中国式实践起到推动作用，亦对传媒规范具有指导性意义。
[Abstract]:This is a highly developed media, is also a great expansion of the public participation in judicial enthusiasm era. In the past five years, "Yao Jiaxin case", "Tianjin Xu Yunhe case", "Luzhou kept woman inherit" case, "Nie Shubin" case verdict was introduced, the network is quite a lot of dissatisfaction with the voice of the people public opinion is, say: cause a shocking commotion unfair justice, and judgment on will be tricky. If everyone represents justice, every word is full of truth, we hold together captured the social moral landslide at the Bastille. Then Peace reigns over the land.
The other side is warm, enthusiastic, fanatical itself has irrational label. The public affairs opinion market free debate, is the most primitive of the classical democracy, and in the current society of representative democracy prevailed for many years, soon showed not adapt to the mode of public debate: the judicial trust crisis came into being, become our country into the greatest fetters the rule of law in the process of socialist modernization, also increased the social unrest in some extent.
Belongs to the judicial trust of the judicial credibility part of judicial power: highlight the public power and public awareness of credit, judicial verdict of the trust, the two linkage, formed the operation structure of the judicial credibility. To explore the judicial trust crisis attribution, apparently from public power and public letter from two aspects of cognition. However, between the two is not isolated, justice tension reflected in judicial activities, the public trust Cunhu heart, and public awareness in the spirit level to reflect the deep meaning and legal, judicial activities, media on judicial activities of publicity, as a lever tie and balancing ends.
Based on the empirical research on some cases, had "raise a Babel of criticism of Tianjin Xu Yunhe case in the second instance upheld in the court of second instance issued authoritative chain of evidence shows that Xu Yunhe indeed hit Wang Xiuzhi, it is not as early as the propaganda" Yao "whirling; case Yao was sentenced to death in public. When we return to the satisfaction of all, thinking of human nature, why should we put the carnival kind?" Luzhou kept woman inheritance "case, the judge violates the general principle of law, dismissed the plaintiff to recover legacy litigation kept woman" request, but the public be overjoyed, China judgment of essence is a "reasonable" than "legal".
Great cause of public opinion and judicial activities fall, to a certain extent that the media has long selective reports of judicial activities of publicity, but it cannot be the judicial trust crisis and the public because of the cognitive dissonance to media oriented, some typical cases of judicial activity is also inappropriate: Nie Shubin Hebei "Nie Shubin" case in the first instance only the confession of the accused, the lack of evidence, procedure of serious violations of the case in 1995 was sentenced to death immediately, after twelve years of personnel, get the verdict, and the murderers were arrested in recent ten years, Nie Shubin is still difficult to clear snow.
Apart from the judicial trust crisis and the public attribution of cognitive dissonance in the media responsibility, the judicial activities of the flaws will also enhance public rift of law belief. According to Dworkin's theory of political philosophy, legal protection of the judicial system cannot achieve the rights of citizens, citizens will have no obligation to give their faith loyalty for it, this is the judicial activities itself should bear the responsibility.
The group behavior pattern as the starting point, analysis of specific media, judiciary and public behavior mode ought to be after, will build a benign judicial trust and public perception system is studied, in order to return to the topic of practical significance: to promote the judicial trust China practice, also on the media standards has guiding significance.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G206

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