政府经济行为的宪政分析

发布时间：2018-01-12 09:06

本文关键词：政府经济行为的宪政分析　出处：《甘肃政法学院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：反垄断法是现代市场经济法律制度的重要组成部分。作为维护自由竞争制约权力集中的法律,反垄断法的初衷就是通过在经济层面上实现自由和民主,从而杜绝因为经济垄断产生的威胁社会自由和民主的可能。在反垄断法的实施过程中享有公共权力的政府扮演什么样的角色,对反垄断法目标的实现具有决定性的作用。我国《反垄断法》实施以来在步履维艰中成绩斐然,本文以考察我国反垄断法实施中的成就和阻力为例证,对如何在市场经济中规制政府经济行为展开宪政分析,剖析并进而破解政府经济行为中如何准确把握政府的身份定位、角色扮演、目标设定和行为选择等深层次的基础性难题,做一点点尝试。文章第一部分从政府经济行为的基本认识出发对政府经济行为与宪政关系的一般理论进行了分析。政府经济行为是,政府作为市场经济的管理者和参与者,所实施的对市场经济运行的规制调控行为,以及政府利用公共物品如稀缺资源的管理人身份所实施的参与市场活动的行为。政府经济行为与宪政之间存在交互影响,政府经济行为的实施是在特定的权力机关或者宪法、法律的授权前提下展开;政府经济行为包含着利用稀缺资源从事生产、交换、分配等,政府经济行为所追求的经济自由和经济民主的法律价值,蕴含着宪政的属性;对政府经济行为的监督必须出自宪政机制的安排,宪政机制将立法机关的事先监督和司法机关的事后监督结合起来。文章第二部分通过对政府经济行为理论和实践的变迁进行回顾,把握政府经济行为的初衷、发展脉搏和趋势。透过西方经济理论对政府在市场经济中的角色认识从守夜人到道德人到裁判的变化,我们可以非常明确地把握政府经济职能不断变化的趋势。公共选择理论对于认识政府经济行为特别是政府失灵的问题,有非常重要的帮助。我国政府经济行为经历了与西方完全不同的过程,从完全的计划经济到有计划的商品经济再到市场经济,政府在社会经济生活中的角色变化是逐渐放权的过程,从完全的经济主体演变成监管调控和参与的角色。政府在历史长河中,从旁观者到了干预者,或者从经济主体变成了监管主体,其角色不断变化。本文把对政府经济行为类型的认识安排在西方理论变迁和我国政府职能变化后,政府经济行为包括了政府规制调控行为和政府参于生产、交换、消费、借贷及公共产品市场等各种行为。政府经济行为必须体现政府是代表社会公共利益的主体,滥用权力、权力缺失等行为都违背了宪政宗旨。文章第二部分提出政府经济行为现实表现的同时,提出政府经济行为实施中的滥权、缺失等问题,作为在第三部分中分析和认识我国政府经济行为偏差的过渡。我国政府在经济领域中历史角色的变迁,对我国政府经济行为有着重大的影响,特别是由于缺乏对市场经济的准确认识,造成了我国政府经济行为在实施中的偏差。我国政府经济行为的偏差主要表现在政府失灵和行为不规范方面。政府在条件不具备或不完全具备的情况下进行宏观调控,可能出现政府经济行为失效甚至破坏性后果,造成政府失灵的原因有:信息失灵、目标选择失误、管理失控等。政府必然需要花费一定的成本或代价干预经济行为,而且有可能效率较低,同时,政府干预也为寻租行为提供了可能性。不规范政府经济行为,主要表现在资源配置的参与行为中,如违规执行土地政策、行政垄断、信贷干预、价格管制等。中国目前经济政策的政治博弈是在亲生产者的管制政策和亲消费者的管制政策之间徘徊,在从亲生产者的管制政策阶段,朝着亲消费者的管制政策缓慢推进。政府反竞争的滥权行为要从社会效果中衡量价值加以规制。基于对我国政府经济行为偏差的表现和原因分析,文章第四部分就如何从宪政的角度进一步规范政府经济行为,为政府经济行为宪政进程提出自己的观点。在我国通过宪政机制有效规制政府经济行为,首先应该建立政府权力界限规制,对政府经济行为确立严格的程序规制和问责制,要建立对管理相对人的意志表达和权利救济途径。建立符合宪政精神的政府经济行为法律机制,还应该在我国着力培育竞争文化,为政府经济行为的宪政进路奠定文化基础。要培育竞争文化,具有重要意义的应该是政府的职能定位及行为规制的建立、市场主体特别是国有企业的竞争行为规制和竞争意识的养成、中小企业和消费者的市场主体及竞争意识的树立三个方面。从宪政的角度对政府经济行为进行研究,不仅在宪政领域方面的理论意义深远,而且对我国经济法治建设中的立法司法实践极具现实意义。本文从政府经济行为的理论和实践相结合的角度出发,沿着提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的基本思路,剖析我国政府经济行为的历史和现状,并围绕政府经济行为的宪政规制形成了一些不成熟建议。以期通过对政府经济行为在我国宪政维度上的法律规制进行探究,为促进具有中国特色社会主义市场经济制度中对政府经济行为规制的完善做出一点努力。
[Abstract]:Anti monopoly law is an important part of the legal system of modern market economy. As the maintenance of free competition restricting power centralized law, anti-monopoly law is designed through the realization of freedom and democracy in the economic level, so as to eliminate the threat of economic monopoly because of social freedom and democracy. In the process of implementation of anti-monopoly law enjoy the public power of the government to play what role, play a decisive role in the realization of the aim of anti monopoly law. Since China's anti-monopoly law in the implementation of < > said of an aged person has made brilliant achievements, this paper investigates the implementation of China's anti-monopoly law in achievement and resistance as an example, launched a constitutional analysis on how to regulate the market economy in the economic behavior of the government, how to grasp the status of the government, and then solve the correct analysis of the economic behavior of the government in role-playing, goal setting and behavior choice of deep The basic problem, try to do a little bit. The first part is a basic understanding from the economic behavior of the general theory of the relationship of government economic behavior and constitutionalism are analyzed. The economic behavior of the government, the government as the market economic management and participants, the implementation of the regulation on the operation of market economy regulation, and participate in the market the behavior of the implementation of government use of public goods such as scarce resources management status. There exists interaction between the economic behavior of the government and constitutional government, the implementation of government economic behavior is in the specific authority or the constitution authorized under the premise of legal development; government economic behavior includes the use of scarce resources to engage in the production, exchange, distribution etc. and the pursuit of the economic behavior of economic freedom and democracy and the legal value, contains the constitutional attribute; supervision of government economic behavior will Must be from the constitutional mechanism arrangement, constitutional mechanism will advance legislative supervision and judicial organs of the supervision together. In the second part, through the review on the change of government economic behavior theory and practice, to grasp the economic behavior of the government's original intention, and the pulse of the development trend. Understanding the change from the watchman to the referee to moral the role of government in the market economy through the western economic theory, we can clearly grasp the changing trend of the economic function of the government. The public choice theory especially the government failure problem for understanding the economic behavior of the government, have very important help. Government economic behavior in China has experienced the process is completely different from the west, from total a planned economy to a planned commodity economy to market economy, change the role of government in the social economic life is a process of gradual decentralization, from The economic subject evolved into the regulatory role of government and regulation. In the long history, from a bystander to intervention, or from the economic subject into a regulatory body, the role changing. The understanding of government economic behavior type arrangement changes and function of our government changes in western theory, government economic behavior includes government regulation and government regulation behavior to participate in the production, exchange, consumption behavior, various lending and public goods market. The government must reflect the economic behavior of the government is the main body, on behalf of the public the abuse of power, lack of power behavior violates the constitutional purposes. The second part puts forward the reality of the performance of government economic behavior at the same time, the government proposed the implementation of the economic behavior of the abuse of power, loss and other issues, as in the third part of the analysis and understanding of China's economic transition. The government behavior deviation of I The change of government in the economic field in the historical role, has a great impact on the economic behavior of our government, especially due to the lack of accurate understanding of the market economy, caused by the deviation of our government's economic behavior. The deviation in the implementation of the economic behavior of our government mainly in government failure and behavior is not standard. The government in macro-control conditions do not have or do not fully meet the conditions, there may be economic behavior of government failure and even destructive consequences, cause government failure: failure information, target selection errors, the management is out of control. The government must take the behavior cost or price intervention in the economy to some extent, and there may be efficiency is low, at the same time, government intervention also provides the possibility of rent-seeking behavior is not standardized. The government economic behavior, participation behavior is mainly manifested in the allocation of resources, such as illegal land administrative execution Policy, administrative monopoly, credit intervention, price control and so on. The political game China economic policy is currently hovering between producers and consumers of the pro control policy control policy, the control policy from the stage of Pro producers, toward Pro consumer control policy. The government pushed into slow anti competitive abuses from the society the effect of the measured value to be regulated. And the reasons for the performance analysis of the government economic behavior deviation based on the fourth part of the article on how to further standardize from the perspective of constitutional government economic behavior, put forward their views to the government economic behavior of constitutionalism in China. Through effective regulation mechanism of constitutional government economic behavior, should first establish the authority of government the boundaries of economic behavior of government regulation, establish a strict procedural regulation and accountability, to establish expression of will and right to the relative management way of relief. To establish the constitutional spirit of the economic behavior of government legal system in our country, also should focus on cultivating the culture of competition, a cultural foundation for the Constitutional Approach of government economic behavior. To cultivate a culture of competition, has important significance is to establish the function orientation and behavior of government regulation, market players especially develop the state-owned enterprise competition behavior regulation and the sense of competition, the market main body and the sense of competition of small and medium-sized enterprises and consumers to establish three aspects. To study the economic behavior of government from the constitutional point of view, not only in the field of constitutional theory has far-reaching significance, and the construction of economic law in China's legislative and judicial practice of great practical significance. This paper from the theory and the practice of government economic behavior is the perspective of raising problems, analyzing problems, the basic idea to solve the problem, analysis of China's government economic behavior The history and the status quo, constitutional regulation and on the economic behavior of the government formed some immature proposals. In order to explore the legal regulation in our constitutional dimensions of the government economic behavior, to make a little effort to promote the perfection of government regulation of the economy has China socialist market economy system.

【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D921;D630;D922.294

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