以业主自治为视角探索业主大会法人化构建研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 08:56

本文关键词： 业主自治业主大会法人化业主　出处：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市治理逐步向小区业主自治转变是世界趋势,也是我国构建社会发展和管理新格局的关键所在。法治社会更应该尊重业主自治,预留业主自治的充分空间,充分挖掘业主自身的自治潜能。我国宪法规定的管理社会事务权以及物权法规定的建筑物区分所有权为业主自治的有效实现提供了法律保障。但由于业主大会民事主体地位不明确,以及职能部门未能有效行政作为、业主之间纷争不断未能形成自治合力以及物业服务企业管理权争夺业主自治权,从而导致业主自治犹如“镜中花水中月”一样美好却未能有效实现。我国立法应明确业主大会的民事主体地位,构建业主大会法人化道路,这已成为城市治理方式研究中重大而紧迫的现实课题。本文共分为4个章节和结语:第一章为业主自治和业主大会概况,本章分为两节分别论述了业主自治和业主大会的概括,第一节业主自治概况中首先从法规条文以及建筑物区分所有权概念两个方面分析了业主的内涵。其次从业主的居住形态、房屋产权的私有化、城市治理以及基层民主等四大方面来阐述业主自治产生的原因。第三就业主自治的性质进行了阐述。第二节业主大会概况中首先分析了业主大会的性质,并从宪法赋予的业主社会管理权以及物权法赋予的业主建筑物区分所有权两个方面探讨了成立业主大会实现业主自治的法理基础。笔者认为,城镇小区治理应预留更多的业主自治空间,充分挖掘业主自身的自治潜能。业主大会会议是业主意思决策机构,业主大会是独立于业主的自治团体组织。第二章为我国业主自治的发展与现状。本章分为两节分别论述了业主自治的三个发展阶段和业主自治的现状。第一节阐述了业主对其自身权益有一个逐步学习、认识和提高的过程,主要表现为以下三个发展阶段:即建筑物区分所有权之物权、业主自治权和公民权。笔者认为,业主开始有意识维护小区公共权益时业主自治才真正开始,而且业主自治也培育了公民的责任意识。第二节从五个方面对业主自治的现状进行了分析,特别是对业主大会的现状分析可知目前我国业主自治现状并不理想,业主自治的职能未能充分显现。笔者认为业主大会民事主体地位未明确是问题关键所在。若明确了业主大会的民事主体地位,其成立条件、组织架构、内部机制以及相关职能部门的职权职责都能够明确,业主大会的现状能有所改善,业主自治才能真正展现。第三章为业主大会自治职能未能显现的原因。本章分为两节就法律方面和非法律方面分别分析了原因。就法律方面,笔者认为我国《物权法》未明确规定业主大会的民事主体地位,使得业主大会处于《民法通则》中民事主体分类的真空地带,被排除在《民法通则》所调整和保护的范围之外。另外职能部门未能有效行政作为、业主之间纷争不断未能形成自治合力、物业服务企业的管理权争夺业主自治权等三个方面也影响了业主大会职能的发挥。第四章为业主大会民事主体地位的探索与构建。本章分为两节就探索业主大会民事主体地位和构建业主大会法人化进行分析。业主大会的民事主体地位在业主大会制度中是一个基本问题,也是我们必须直面的问题。首先在第一节中笔者分析了世界不同国家和地区关于业主自治团体的立法模式,以发展开放的态度从中吸取经验为我国所用。再根据我国的客观情况来探索我国业主大会法律地位的路径选择,主要分析赋予业主大会法人化或赋予非法人团体两种路径的利弊。第二节从我国各地业主大会法人化探索的客观情况出发,以及分析业主大会法人化的必要性和可行性,笔者认为应该赋予我国业主大会法人化的民事主体地位,并在此基础上提出具体业主大会机构模式的设想。最后一部分为结语,是笔者对本文的总结。
[Abstract]:City governance gradually changed to residential property owners autonomy is the trend of the world, China is the key to establish a new pattern of social development and management. The society ruled by law should respect the autonomy of owners, the full space reserved for the owners of autonomy, fully tap the potential of the owners of their own autonomy. To provide effective legal protection to realize the management of social affairs and the right of property law provisions China's constitution of the right of condominium owners autonomy. But because the owners of civil subject status is not clear, and the administrative departments failed to effectively as disputes between the owners failed to form autonomous force and the property service enterprise management right for the right of autonomy, which leads to owners like "flower in the mirror in the water" as good failed to effectively realize. Our legislation should be clear about the owners of the status of civil subject, building owners Corporation Road This road has become a realistic research subject of city governance in major and urgent. This paper is divided into 4 chapters: the first chapter is the conclusion and the owners and the owners of autonomy, this chapter is divided into two sections discuss the autonomy of owners and owners of the first day of generalization, owner autonomy firstly from the provisions of regulations and condominium ownership concept in two aspects analyzes the connotation of the owners. Secondly, from the owners living patterns, housing property privatization, city governance and grassroots democracy in four aspects to explain why the owners autonomy's third properties. The owners of autonomy are described. The general situation of the second meeting of the owners first analyzes the nature of the owners the general assembly, the two aspects of ownership of the owners' Congress was established to achieve differentiated owners and give owners from social management rights conferred by the Constitution and the law of property owners of buildings The legal basis of autonomy. The author believes that the urban community governance should be reserved for more owners autonomous space, fully tap the owners of their own autonomous potential. The owners' Congress is the owners decision mechanism, owners are autonomous organizations independent of the owners. The second chapter is the present situation and development of the main industry in China. This chapter is divided into autonomous two respectively discusses the status of the owners of autonomy three development stages and the owners of autonomy. The first section describes the owners have a gradually learning for its own interests, and raise awareness of the process, mainly for the following three stages: the distinction between ownership of the building property, the owners of autonomy and civil rights. The author believes that the owners began to start the owners really autonomous district public awareness of safeguarding rights and interests, but also cultivate the owner autonomy and civic responsibility consciousness. The second section from the five aspects of the owners of autonomy The shape is analyzed, especially the present situation analysis of owners of the current owners autonomous situation in China is not ideal, the owners of autonomy functions cannot be fully revealed. The author thinks that the civil subject status of the owners' Congress is not clear. If the key is clear the owners of civil subject status, the conditions of its establishment, organizational structure, internal the mechanism and the relevant functional departments of the authority and responsibility to clear the status of the owners can be improved, can really show the owners of autonomy. The third chapter is the reason of owners autonomy did not show. This chapter is divided into two aspects of legal and non legal aspects. It analyzes the reasons for the legal aspects, the author thinks that China "property law > not specified by the owners of the status of civil subject, vacuum makes owners in" general principles of civil law > in civil subject classification, were excluded from the civil law " In addition to general > and adjusted by the scope of protection. Other departments failed to effectively as administrative disputes between the owners, failed to form autonomous ability, the realty service enterprise management right for the right of autonomy in three aspects also affects the functions of the owners and the construction. The fourth chapter explore the status of the civil subject of the owners. The chapter is divided into two sections to explore the analysis of the status of civil subject of owners and owners of corporate building owners. The status of civil subject is a basic problem in the owners' congress system, but we must face the problem. In the first section the author analyzes on the legislative mode of the owner autonomy group in different countries and regions in the world with the development of open attitude, learn from the experience for our own use. According to the current situation in China to explore the legal status of the owners Road Path selection, the main advantages and disadvantages of giving the owners corporation or give unincorporate two paths of the objective situation in the second quarter. The owners in our country legal practice, and analysis the necessity and feasibility of the owners Corporation, the author thinks that we should endow the legal owners in our country the status of civil subject, and put forward specific ideas of owners mechanism model. The last part is the summary of this paper.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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