浅析美国的民主制度

发布时间：2018-02-05 22:05

本文关键词： 民主平等自由　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1831年,法国的政治家历史学家托克维尔,在美国进行了为期9个月的考察研究后,写下了举世盛名的学术名著《论美国的民主》,从而托克维尔的理论思想也成为了二战以后国际学术界众多学科中的重要研究对象之一。 180多年过去了,这部广为流传的经典著作,不仅成为世人了解美国的教科书,也在很大程度上也影响着当今美国人自身对自己国家的看法,不过,真正的美国政治制度究竟如何影响着当今的美国社会,而且这种政治制度是否像托克维尔描述的那样完美,是本文主要考虑的问题。本文按照“史论”结合的思路,来考察和分析美国民主制度的发展历程和演进,阐述美国政治制度的基本特征。主要是在历史分析的基础上通过理论分析,来考察和分析美国民主制度不断的演变过程,以及在这些变化中美国政治制度的民主性怎样受到很多因素的影响和制约。在这种影响和制约下,美国民主制度的真正本质内涵也是本文研究的首要对象。本文共分六个部分,第一部分,法制的至高无上,描述了美国法律在国家中的地位。通过对法律根源的描述,概括出美国法律的最初起点,并且在此基础上也对美国法律制度的局限性加以探究。第二部分,法律规定的人权体现的不平等,主要介绍了在法律制度下,声称自由民主的美国仍然有很多方面体现着不平等。同时,尽管美国政治制度自身也对其进行弥补,但不可能改变美国的本质。第三部分,两党竞选与金钱政治,主要介绍了两党制为主体的美国,仍然具有金钱政治的深刻印记并且由此产生的问题。在此基础上,对美国的竞选制度的本质进行了深刻的揭露。第四部分,三权分立与总统权力,主要描述美国的政治体制架构过程中的立法权,司法权,以及行政权是怎样同总统之间进行博弈的,这主要根源是因为总统对权力的深深渴望。第五部分,主要描述利益集团与社会民主之间的关系,这也是美国民主制度的最显著特点之一,同时利益集团与美国的金钱政治之间的联系也是文章所要讨论的深层次原因。第六部分,自由企业制度与管理民主,这部分主要讨论的是美国经济的最重要载体企业与这个国家的政府之间的关系研究,并由此揭示美国的民主制度的特性。本文的创新之处在于以目前美国的基本政治制度为出发点,探求美国政治制度的弊端为我国今后的政治发展提供基本思路和大体方向。
[Abstract]:In 1831 , France ' s statesman historian Tokerville , after a nine - month study in the United States , wrote down the famous academic book on democracy in the United States , and thus Tocqueville ' s theory thought became one of the important research subjects in many subjects of international academic circles after World War II . More than 180 years later , the widespread classic works not only become the world ' s understanding of the American textbooks , but also greatly influence the views of the Americans on their own countries . However , the real American political system affects today ' s American society , and whether such a political system is as perfect as Torqueville ' s description is the main consideration in this article . On the basis of historical analysis , this paper explores and analyzes the evolution of American democratic system and expounds the basic features of American political system . It is mainly based on historical analysis to study and analyze the evolution of American democracy and how democracy of American political system is influenced and restricted by many factors . Under the influence and restriction , the real essence of American democracy is also the primary object of this study . This article is divided into six parts , the first part , the supremacy of the rule of law , describes the status of American law in the country . Through the description of the root of the law , the author summarizes the initial starting point of American legal system , and then explores the limitations of American legal system . At the same time , the relationship between the interests group and the social democracy is mainly described . At the same time , the relationship between the interest group and the American monetary politics is mainly discussed . This part mainly discusses the relationship between the most important carrier enterprise of the United States economy and the government of the country , and reveals the characteristics of the democratic system in the United States . The innovation of this paper is based on the present basic political system of the United States , and probes into the malpractice of American political system to provide basic thinking and general direction for the future political development of our country .

【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K712

【共引文献】