浸渍法制备活性炭非织造布及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 09:14

本文关键词： 活性炭非织造布浸渍法载炭量吸附性能孔径分布　出处：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着空气污染问题的日益突出,许多空气净化设备和防护装置的发展和应用应运而生。近年来,市场上出现了各种空气净化器和防护口罩,其中活性炭非织造布在空气过滤方面有着极大的优势和发展空间。活性炭非织造布的常见制备方法是浸渍法,这种方式流程短,制作成本低廉,但同时浸渍液中的粘合剂极易堵塞活性炭的孔隙,降低活性炭的使用效率;而且采用现成的非织造布作为活性炭载体制备出的活性炭非织造布载炭量低,吸附性能不高。本课题针对以上问题,研制了载炭量高的非织造纤网载体;采用浸渍法制备出了高载炭量、高孔隙率的活性炭非织造布;研究了粘合剂种类、浸渍工艺对活性炭孔隙及活性炭非织造布吸附性能的影响。实验采用涤纶短纤作为纤维原料,制成85g/m~2的疏松针刺纤网作为活性炭载体;采用三因素三水平的正交实验法,通过选用不同的粘合剂及浓度、活性炭与浸渍液质量比(浴比)、烘干温度制备出了多种活性炭非织造布。分析了活性炭非织造布上活性炭的分布,及载炭量、拉伸性能与各工艺参数的关系;通过测试浸渍前后活性炭的比表面积和孔径及其分布,分析了活性炭孔隙堵塞情况,据此来研究粘合剂及其浓度、烘干温度对活性炭孔隙的影响,得出了以下结论:(1)实验各参数对活性炭非织造布载炭量的影响程度为:浴比〉粘合剂浓度〉烘焙温度,其中烘焙温度对载炭量无影响。(2)烘干温度对活性炭非织造布拉伸性能的影响与所选用的粘合剂的热学性质有关;聚醋酸乙烯酯作为粘合剂的活性炭非织造布拉伸强力最低;聚乙烯醇作为粘合剂的活性炭非织造布的横纵向拉伸强力最接近。(3)粘合剂浓度和烘干温度对活性炭孔隙的影响与选用的粘合剂种类有关,选用的粘合剂种类不同,改变其浓度和烘干温度,活性炭孔隙的堵塞情况截然不同。(4)活性炭孔径主要范围在1nm~100nm之间,其中孔隙集中分布在1.6nm~2nm和10nm~20nm。用粘合剂处理过的活性炭的5nm~20nm的孔径堵塞最严重,孔容变化最大。(5)粘合剂对活性炭孔隙的堵塞主要有两部分,除了粘合剂扩散进入活性炭孔隙堵塞活性炭孔隙外,包覆在活性炭表面的粘合剂对活性炭孔隙的影响也非常大。(6)气相甲醛吸附实验结果表明,初始浓度为1.2 mg/m~3~1.5mg/m~3时,所有的活性炭非织造布的气相甲醛静态吸附平衡效率为88%左右。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent problem of air pollution, the development and application of many air purification equipment and protective devices have emerged. In recent years, there have been various air purifiers and protective masks on the market. Among them, activated carbon nonwovens have great advantages and development space in air filtration. The common preparation method of activated carbon nonwovens is impregnation, which is a short process and low cost. But at the same time, the adhesive in the impregnation solution is easy to block the pores of the activated carbon and reduce the use efficiency of the activated carbon, and the activated carbon nonwovens prepared by using the ready-made nonwovens as the carrier of the activated carbon have a low carbon load. In view of the above problems, a nonwoven fiber mesh carrier with high carbon load was developed. The activated carbon nonwovens with high carbon loading and high porosity were prepared by impregnation method. The kinds of binders were studied. The effect of impregnation process on the adsorption properties of activated carbon pores and activated carbon nonwovens. 85 g / m ~ (2) loose needled fiber mesh was prepared by using polyester staple fiber as fiber material, and three factors and three levels orthogonal experiment method was used. Various kinds of activated carbon nonwovens were prepared by using different binder and concentration, mass ratio of activated carbon to impregnating solution (bath ratio, drying temperature). The distribution of activated carbon and the amount of carbon loaded on activated carbon nonwovens were analyzed. The relationship between tensile properties and process parameters, the specific surface area, pore size and distribution of activated carbon before and after impregnation were measured, and the pore plugging of activated carbon was analyzed, according to which the binder and its concentration were studied. The effect of drying temperature on the porosity of activated carbon is as follows: 1) the influence of the experimental parameters on the carbon load of activated carbon nonwovens is as follows: the bath ratio > the concentration of binder > the baking temperature. The effect of baking temperature on the tensile properties of activated carbon nonwovens was related to the thermal properties of the binder, and the tensile strength of polyvinyl acetate as binder was the lowest. The influences of the concentration of adhesive and drying temperature on the porosity of activated carbon are related to the kinds of binders selected, and the types of binders used are different. When the concentration and drying temperature are changed, the pore plugging of activated carbon is very different. (4) the pore size of activated carbon is mainly in the range of 1 nm ~ 100 nm, in which pores are concentrated at 1.6 nm ~ 2 nm and 10 nm ~ 20 nm. The pore size of activated carbon treated with binder is the most serious at 5 nm ~ 20 nm. There are two parts of the plugging of activated carbon pore, except that the adhesive diffuses into the activated carbon pore to block the activated carbon pore. The effect of binder coated on the surface of activated carbon on the porosity of activated carbon is also very large. 6) the experimental results of gas phase formaldehyde adsorption show that the initial concentration is 1.2 mg / m ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 1.5 mg / m ~ 3:00, and the static equilibrium efficiency of formaldehyde adsorption for all active carbon nonwovens is about 88%.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS176.5

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