黑龙江三江自然保护区法治问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 04:06

本文关键词： 三江自然保护区湿地保护法治　出处：《东北林业大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：三江自然保护区位于黑龙江省东北部抚远县和同江市境内,是内陆湿地与水域生态系统类型的国家级自然保护区,主要保护对象是由水生和陆栖生物及其生境共同形成的沼泽湿地。三江自然保护区拥有东北地区保留最为完整的淡水沼泽生态系统,保护区的建立对维护区域生物多样性,提高调蓄洪水和防灾减灾能力,促进经济、资源、环境的协调发展,确保生态安全,实现三江湿地的可持续发展都具有重大的战略意义。但是,三江自然保护区目前也面临着制约其可持续发展的诸多法治问题,如湿地保护法律体系不完善、管理体制不健全、社区居民保护意识薄弱等等,这使得保护区内非法开垦湿地、过度利用资源等现象日益严重,造成湿地面积日益减小、生态环境日益恶化、湿地景观大量消失、生物多样性遭到严重破坏,湿地原有的降解污染、调节气候、控制洪水等功能逐渐减弱,致使洪涝灾害频发、湿地环境污染加剧。保护区的湿地保护工作正面临着严峻的挑战,一系列的法治问题亟需解决。本文采用分析、比较、归纳的方法,通过对三江自然保护区存在的法治问题的研究,在借鉴外国先进经验和发展趋势的基础上,提出了解决这些法治问题的设想。全文共分为五个部分：第一部分为绪论,对国内外湿地保护法治问题研究现状作了介绍,并阐述了本文研究的目的和意义；第二部分介绍了三江自然保护区的自然概况、保护对象及意义、生态特征、历史沿革；第二部分分析了三江自然保护区存在的法治问题,如现行法律保障不足、依法监管不到位、生态补偿制度不健全等；第四部分介绍了美国、澳大利亚及日本在湿地保护中的先进经验,并得到了启示与借鉴；第五部分是本文的核心和重点,提出了完善三江自然保护区法治问题的设想,包括制定三江自然保护区地方法规并明确立法目的、立法原则、制度框架及法律责任,建全保护区专管机制、环境影响评价制度及生态补偿制度,建立保护区开发许可证制度及社区共管制度,法律法规的完善及一系列制度的建立健全,这对于三江自然保护区湿地保护工作的更好开展,期待可以起到比较重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Located in Fuyuan County and Tongjiang City in northeastern Heilongjiang Province, Sanjiang Nature Reserve is a national nature reserve of inland wetland and water ecosystem type. The main protection objects are swamp wetlands formed by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and their habitats. Sanjiang Nature Reserve has the most complete freshwater swamp ecosystem in Northeast China. It is of great strategic significance to improve the capacity of flood control and disaster prevention and mitigation, to promote the coordinated development of economy, resources and environment, to ensure ecological security and to realize the sustainable development of Sanjiang wetland. At present, Sanjiang Nature Reserve also faces many legal problems that restrict its sustainable development, such as imperfect legal system of wetland protection, imperfect management system, weak consciousness of community residents' protection, and so on, which makes the illegal reclamation of wetlands in the reserve. The phenomenon of excessive utilization of resources is becoming more and more serious, resulting in the wetland area decreasing day by day, the ecological environment worsening day by day, the wetland landscape disappearing in large quantities, the biodiversity being seriously destroyed, the original degradation pollution of the wetland, regulating the climate. Flood control and other functions are gradually weakened, resulting in frequent flood disasters, wetland environmental pollution intensified. Wetland protection in the reserve is facing severe challenges, a series of legal problems need to be solved. This paper adopts the methods of analysis, comparison and induction, through the study of the rule of law existing in Sanjiang Nature Reserve, on the basis of drawing lessons from the advanced experience and developing trend of foreign countries. The article is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, introduces the domestic and foreign wetland protection and rule of law research status, and expounds the purpose and significance of this study; The second part introduces the nature situation, protection object and significance, ecological characteristics and historical evolution of Sanjiang Nature Reserve. The second part analyzes the legal problems existing in Sanjiang Nature Reserve, such as insufficient legal protection. Part 4th introduces the advanced experience of the United States, Australia and Japan in wetland protection, and gets inspiration and reference. Part 5th is the core and focus of this paper. This paper puts forward some ideas on how to perfect the rule of law in Sanjiang Nature Reserve, including making local laws and regulations of Sanjiang Nature Reserve and clarifying the legislative purpose, legislative principles, system framework and legal responsibility, and establishing the special management mechanism of the whole nature reserve. The environmental impact assessment system and ecological compensation system, the establishment of reserve development license system and community co-management system, the improvement of laws and regulations and the establishment of a series of systems are better for the wetland protection work of Sanjiang Nature Reserve. Expectation can play a more important role.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：X37

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