霍布斯的自由主义思想及其对中国民主政治发展的启示

发布时间：2018-02-16 18:16

本文关键词： 自然法社会契约论自由主义民主政治　出处：《西北大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 霍布斯,英国著名的政治思想家和唯物主义哲学家,近代西方政治学理论的开创者之一。霍布斯的思想无论是后来的洛克、孟德斯鸠,还是休谟、康德都曾经从他的开创性研究中汲取营养,因此被尊为自由主义思想的鼻祖。霍布斯突破了前人对自然状态的描述,构建了一幅人人相互为敌,处于恐惧之中的自然状态,为此需要用自然法、社会契约论的约束力用以保障安全,需要人的理性予以控制。由自然法、社会契约论和人性理论构成了霍布斯的自由主义思想的理论基石,最后将落脚点放到对和平的诉求之上,用以保障社会的有序运行。霍布斯的自由主义思想与前人的论述大相径庭,对自由的界定是指外界障碍不存在的状态,由此引出了他的公民自由观和国家主权下的自由观。目前,我们国家提倡构建和谐社会,建设社会主义政治文明,民主政治的发展尤其重要,霍布斯的自由主义思想对我过民主政治的发展具有很强的启示意义。霍布斯的自由主义思想中的公民自由观对于我们公民意识教育有启示意义,我们要积极进行公民意识教育,构建理性公民社会。霍布斯的自由主义思想强调个人的自由不受侵犯,我国民主政治发展中也应该将平等与自由理念结合起来,保护个人自由,完善民主政治建设。民主政治的发展不仅需要法律、经济手段,更需要道德的支持,所以要践行“己所不欲,勿施于人”的道德法则,积极的融入和谐社会。
[Abstract]:Hobbes, a famous British political thinker and materialist philosopher, was one of the pioneers of modern western political theory. Kant had drawn nourishment from his pioneering research, so he was respected as the ancestor of liberalism. Hobbes broke through the description of the state of nature and constructed a natural state in which everyone was enemies and was in fear. For this reason, it is necessary to use natural law, the binding force of social contract to ensure safety and the rational control of human beings. The theory of natural law, social contract and human nature constitute the theoretical foundation of Hobbes' liberalism. At last, we put our foothold on the demand for peace, in order to ensure the orderly operation of society. Hobbes' liberalism thought is quite different from the previous exposition. The definition of freedom refers to the state in which external obstacles do not exist. This leads to his concept of civil freedom and the concept of freedom under the sovereignty of the state. At present, our country advocates building a harmonious society and building a socialist political civilization. The development of democratic politics is particularly important. Hobbes' liberalism thought has very strong enlightening significance to the development of democratic politics. Hobbes' liberalism thought has enlightening significance to our civic consciousness education, we should actively carry out civil consciousness education. Constructing a rational Civil Society. Hobbes' liberalism thought emphasizes that individual freedom is inviolable. In the development of democracy in our country, we should combine the concept of equality with freedom and protect individual freedom. The development of democratic politics not only needs law, economic means, but also moral support, so it is necessary to practice the moral principle of "do not do to others what you do not want" and actively integrate into a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D093:097

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