“半熟人社会”的乡村治理及其法治化研究

发布时间：2018-02-19 17:52

本文关键词： 半熟人社会乡村治理法治化民主自治　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着现代化、城市化进程的加快,以血缘关系为纽带的身份型乡村社会受到冲击,取而代之的是以地缘关系、利益为中心的契约型乡村社会秩序;然而,从熟人社会到陌生人社会转型过程中,存在着一个由传统向现代、由静态向动态、由血缘身份向地缘契约转型变革的社会形态,即“半熟人社会”。“半熟人社会”是“法治秩序”“人治秩序”“规则秩序”“宗法秩序”交织在一起的混乱状态,也是转型期中国暂时性社会形态。在“半熟人社会”里,乡村治理主要面临三大治理难题:第一,法律的普适性与特殊性的问题,主要表现为国家法律与乡规民约的冲突;第二,国家权力对自治组织的干预和控制、村民外流等不利因素对民主自治的威胁;第三,农民的公民权利得不到保护。反思“半熟人社会”乡村治理的困境,借鉴美国基层治理中的经验。第一,美国重视地方治理的法律体系建设,清楚界定了各个层级政府的职能权限,而且对政府权力进行制约,充分保障公民参与地方公共事务治理的权利。第二,美国基层社会具有独立性,在乡镇与其上级政府的关系上,不存在行政隶属关系。第三,培养公民权利主体意识,让广大公民广泛地参与地方政府公共事务的管理。最后,从法治化角度出发,探寻破解乡村治理困局的方案,主要包括五条路径:国家法律与乡规民约的良性互动;民主自治制度的完善;限制政府权力,理顺权力的边界;消除城乡差别,保障农民的公民权利;从立法、司法、行政三个维度推进乡村治理。乡村治理法治化不仅为党和国家制定关于乡村治理的政策方针提供了理论依据,而且对建立健全统一性的法律体系、继续深化乡镇政府管理体制改革、完善村民自治制度、完善乡村基层治理体系具有重大现实意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of modernization and urbanization, the social order of contractual rural society, which is based on geographical relations and interests, is affected by the consanguinity of the rural society. In the process of transformation from acquaintance society to stranger society, there exists a transformation from traditional to modern, from static to dynamic, from consanguinity to geographical contract. That is, "semi-acquaintance society". "semi-acquaintance society" is the chaotic state of "rule of law", "rule of law", "rule of law" and "patriarchal order", and is also a temporary social formation in China during the transition period. Rural governance is faced with three major problems: first, the universality and particularity of the law, mainly reflected in the conflict between the state law and the rules of the people; second, the state power to intervene and control the autonomous organizations, Villager outflow and other adverse factors threaten democratic autonomy; third, the civil rights of farmers are not protected. Reflect on the plight of "semi-acquaintance society" rural governance, learn from the experience of grass-roots governance in the United States. First, The United States attaches importance to the construction of the legal system of local governance, clearly defines the functional competence of the various levels of government, and restricts the power of the government so as to fully guarantee the right of citizens to participate in the governance of local public affairs. Second, The grass-roots society in the United States is independent, and there is no administrative subordination in the relationship between the township and its superior government. Third, to cultivate the awareness of the subject of civil rights and to allow the broad masses of citizens to participate extensively in the management of local government public affairs. Finally, From the angle of ruling by law, this paper explores the solutions to the difficulties in rural governance, which mainly include five ways: the benign interaction between national laws and rural regulations, the perfection of democratic autonomy system, the restriction of government power, and the straightening out of the boundary of power; To eliminate the differences between urban and rural areas, to protect the civil rights of farmers, to promote rural governance from the three dimensions of legislation, judicature and administration. The legalization of rural governance not only provides a theoretical basis for the Party and the state to formulate policies and guidelines on rural governance. Moreover, it is of great practical significance to establish and perfect the unified legal system, to continue to deepen the reform of the township government management system, to perfect the villager autonomy system, and to perfect the rural grass-roots governance system.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D921.8

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