大众民主、政府扩张与国际体系变迁——对西方国家债务困境的政治解释

发布时间：2018-02-25 05:33

本文关键词： 大众民主政府扩张国际体系变迁债务困境　出处：《社会科学》2016年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：当前西方国家的债务困境是第二次世界大战结束以来不断发展和积累的结果。大众民主到来、政府角色扩张和国际体系变迁构成了西方国家深陷债务困境的基本逻辑,具体机理可表述为:大众民主带来了社会福利的刚性化,这在影响西方国家经济增长的同时,却使得政府的公共支出持续扩大,进而导致严重的财政失衡。当在大众民主框架内增加税收和削减福利难以实现时,借钱消费成为了政治家与选民的"理性选择"。社会经济事务的复杂化赋予西方国家政府扩张以"合法性",政府维持财政平衡的传统教义被管理有效需求的时代要求所取代,这从另一角度推动了财政赤字和债务负担的加重。不过,在相当长的时期内,西方国家利用霸权机制汲取国际财富资源,成功化解了内部供给与需求之间的矛盾。然而,随着国际体系的变迁,西方霸权呈现相对衰落趋势,其国内代价国际转移的做法日益不可持续。霸权红利的减少必然加剧西方国家的债务困境,甚至引发新的政治和社会冲突。
[Abstract]:The current debt distress of the western countries is the result of continuous development and accumulation since the end of the second World War. The arrival of popular democracy, the expansion of the role of government and the changes in the international system constitute the basic logic of Western countries' deep debt distress. The specific mechanism can be expressed as follows: popular democracy has brought about the rigidity of social welfare, which, while affecting the economic growth of western countries, has made the government's public expenditure continue to expand. Which in turn leads to serious fiscal imbalances. When tax increases and welfare cuts within the framework of popular democracy are difficult to achieve, Borrowing money and spending has become a "rational choice" for politicians and voters. The complexity of social and economic affairs has given western governments "legitimacy" to expand, and the traditional doctrine of governments maintaining fiscal balance has been replaced by the demands of the times for managing effective demand. This has contributed to an increase in the fiscal deficit and debt burden in another way. However, for quite a long time, Western countries have used hegemonic mechanisms to absorb international wealth and resources, successfully resolving the contradiction between internal supply and demand. With the vicissitude of international system, western hegemony presents a relative decline trend, and the international transfer of its domestic costs is becoming increasingly unsustainable. The reduction of hegemonic dividend will inevitably aggravate the debt distress of western countries and even lead to new political and social conflicts.
【作者单位】：西南财经大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：D033.3;F811.5

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