乳液附聚法制备纳米填料橡胶复合材料的研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 08:15

本文关键词： 天然胶乳纳米填料乳液附聚胶膜分散性动态性能natural rubber latex nano-filler latex agglomeration film dispersion dynamic properties　出处：《青岛科技大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文以天然胶乳为主体材料,选用N330炭黑、纳米碳酸钙、沉淀法白炭黑三种填料,分别采用T25高速分散机、超声波振荡器和高压均质机三种设备制备填料水分散体并处理天然胶乳与填料分散体混合乳液。采用激光粒度分布测定仪、相差显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等测试方法考察三种设备制备三种填料分散体的效果以及混合乳液中粒子的附聚效果。并用门尼粘度计,TG热重分析仪,RPA2000橡胶加工分析仪分析了三种填料母胶的性能,用电子拉力机考察了三种方法制备的三种填料与天然胶乳混合乳液胶膜及硫化胶的力学性能。结果表明: (1)用T25高速分散机制备N330炭黑、纳米碳酸钙、白炭黑分散体,处理时间和转子转速对三种填料分散体的粒径有明显影响,影响规律有差异。随分散机处理时间延长,三种填料分散体中颗粒尺寸不断减小,粒径分布变窄。在20000r/min的转速下,处理5分钟后,分散体中颗粒尺寸较小;三种分散体中,纳米碳酸钙分散体粒子的粒径最小,为0.9um,炭黑和白炭黑分散体粒子尺寸在7um左右。炭黑和纳米碳酸钙分散体稳定,沉降量小,而白炭黑分散体不稳定,沉降量大。纳米碳酸钙分散体粒子粒径随转子转速加快而逐渐减小,白炭黑分散体粒子粒径在高转速下才减小,而炭黑分散体粒子粒径随转速加快先增大,在高转速下减小。T25高速分散机处理填料分散体与天然胶乳混合乳液,可以实现三种填料粒子与胶乳粒子附聚,但效果不是很明显。由高速分散机处理的混合乳液制备的母胶中,三种填料的分散性较未处理前的好,硫化胶的拉伸强度高。 (2)以炭黑和纳米碳酸钙为例考察了用超声波振荡器处理纳米填料悬浊液及混合乳液中粒子的分散性,同时将制得的混炼胶与传统机械混炼法所得胶料进行力学性能的比较。结果显示,两种分散体中填料粒子大,分散性差,沉降严重;扫描电镜图片显示,超声波处理填料分散体与天然胶乳混合乳液后,胶乳粒子表面光滑,无纳米粒子附着。母胶中填料的分散性及硫化胶的力学性能没有明显的改善。这表明超声波法很难实现纳米填料与天然胶乳的附聚,对改善填料在胶料中的分散性作用不大。 (3)采用高压均质机乳化法制备分散体及混合乳液。结果表明,分散体粒径小,分布窄,分散性好,沉降量小,贮存稳定。经高压均质机处理后混合乳液胶膜的各种力学性能优异。天然橡胶/纳米填料母胶门尼粘度高,模量高,氮气气氛中分解温度提高,母胶中纳米填料的分散性好。用压力附聚法制备的母胶硫化胶的物理机械性能要优于传统机械混炼法制备的胶料。炭黑填充量20份,纳米碳酸钙、白炭黑填充量5份时,硫化胶的物理机械性能达到最佳。
[Abstract]:In this paper, natural latex was used as main material, N330 carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate and precipitated silica were used as fillers, respectively, T25 high speed disperser was used. Three kinds of equipment, ultrasonic oscillator and high pressure homogenizer, were used to prepare the water dispersion of filler and treat the mixed emulsion of natural latex and filler dispersion. The laser particle size distribution instrument and phase contrast microscope were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the preparation of three kinds of filler dispersions and the agglomeration effect of particles in the mixed emulsion. The rubber processing analyzer RPA2000 was used to analyze the properties of RPA2000 rubber processing analyzer with Mooney viscometer and TG thermogravimetric analyzer. The properties of three kinds of filler mastergels were analyzed. The mechanical properties of three kinds of fillers and natural latex emulsion film and vulcanizate prepared by three kinds of methods were investigated by electronic drawing machine. 1) N330 carbon black, nanometer calcium carbonate and silica dispersion were prepared by T25 high speed disperser. The treatment time and rotor speed have obvious influence on the particle size of the three kinds of filler dispersion, and the influence law is different. The particle size of the three kinds of filler dispersions decreases and the particle size distribution becomes narrower. At the rotational speed of 200r-min, the particle size in the dispersion is smaller after 5 minutes treatment, and the particle size of the nano-calcium carbonate dispersion is the smallest in the three kinds of dispersions. The particle size of carbon black and silica dispersion is about 7um. The dispersion of carbon black and nanometer calcium carbonate is stable and the deposition is small, but the dispersion of silica is unstable. The particle size of nanometer calcium carbonate dispersion decreases gradually with the increase of rotor speed, and the particle size of silica dispersion decreases at high speed, while the particle size of carbon black dispersion increases first with the increase of rotation speed. Under the condition of reducing the speed of .T25 high speed disperser to treat the mixed emulsion of filler dispersion and natural latex, the agglomeration of three kinds of filler particles and latex particles can be realized, but the effect is not very obvious. The dispersity of the three fillers is better than that of untreated ones, and the tensile strength of vulcanizates is higher. Taking carbon black and nanometer calcium carbonate as examples, the dispersity of particles in the suspensions and mixed emulsions of nano-fillers treated by ultrasonic oscillators was investigated. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the rubber prepared by the traditional mechanical mixing method were compared. The results showed that the filler particles in the two dispersions were large, the dispersity was poor, and the settlement was serious. The surface of latex particles is smooth after ultrasonic treatment of the mixed emulsion of filler dispersion and natural latex. The dispersion of fillers and the mechanical properties of vulcanizates were not improved obviously, which indicated that it was difficult to realize the agglomeration of nano-fillers and natural latex by ultrasonic method, but had little effect on improving the dispersity of fillers in rubber materials. The dispersion and mixed emulsion were prepared by high pressure homogenizer emulsification. The results showed that the dispersion was small, the distribution was narrow, the dispersity was good, and the sedimentation was small. Storage stability. After the treatment of high pressure homogenizer, the mixed emulsion film has excellent mechanical properties. The Mooney viscosity and modulus of natural rubber / nano-filler mother gum are high, and the decomposition temperature in nitrogen atmosphere is increased. The physical and mechanical properties of the matrix vulcanizate prepared by pressure agglomeration method are better than those prepared by traditional mechanical mixing method. When the content of carbon black is 20 phr, the filling amount of nano-calcium carbonate and silica is 5 phr, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizate prepared by the pressure agglomeration method are better than those prepared by the traditional mechanical mixing method. The physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizate are the best.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TB332

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