论英国法治现代化经验及当代启示

发布时间：2018-03-02 04:30

本文关键词： 英国法治现代化经验启示　出处：《山西大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：英国是当今世界两大法系之一的普通法系的发源地,英国法是普通法系的主要代表。英国是世界历史上最早完成工业革命的国家,完成了前现代农业社会向现代工业社会的巨大转变。英国法也随着19世纪30年代工业革命的基本完成,开始了一系列变革,阔步走向法治现代化的进程。英国现代法治的发展进程是对这种大转变的反应,是工业主义渗透到法治领域的必然结果,是英国法从传统(前现代)向现代转变的过程。英国法治现代化模式是经验主义的法治现代化模式,其道路是渐进改良的内生型法治发展道路。1978年底,中国共产党十一届三中全会召开,中国开始了改革开放的历史进程,在法制领域做出“健全社会主义民主、加强社会主义法制”的决定,我国的治国方略开始从人治到法制、再到法治的巨大转变,中国法制也开始了由重建到快速发展的新时期。到2011年,中国特色社会主义法律体系如期形成,我国经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设的各个方面实现了有法可依。英国作为世界历史上第一个完成工业革命的国家,把其法治现代化作为研究对象,将有助于我们对发达国家法治建设的路径有一个宏观把握。本文运用历史分析法、实证分析法和比较分析法等综合性的研究方法,通过对英国法治现代化动因、进程考察,结合现代化理论研究,总结出英国法治现代化建设的经验,提出对我国法治现代化建设的借鉴点。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分分析了英国法治现代化的动因。主要分析工业革命、政党政治、法律思想与理论对英国法治现代化的推动作用,并探讨了英国法治现代化为什么以工业革命的完成为起点。第二部分阐述了英国法治现代化的进程。英国工业革命的完成,实现了传统的农业社会向现代工业社会的大转变,在法治领域不断进行变革。将英国法治现代化进程分为起步、发展、新发展三个阶段。在起步阶段主要是19世纪的法律改革,有现代司法和诉讼制度的形成、制定法的大量出台等；在发展阶段突出的是社会保障法律体系的建立；在新发展阶段主要是英国加入欧共体后的法律发展、社会保障法律体系的完善、撒切尔的经济法政策、布莱尔的“第三条道路”。第三部分重点探讨了英国法治现代化的经验。分别为：经验主义的法治现代化模式；渐进改良的内生型法治发展道路；国会立法加强,委托立法大增；经济社会立法和科技立法加强；法律体系不断完善；与大陆法系融合的倾向。第四部分揭示了英国法治现代化经验的当代启示。首先介绍当代中国法治现代化建设状况,分为法制的恢复和发展、法治的初创和发展两部分。其次揭示了英国法治现代化经验的当代启示。分别是：法制建设要与国情相结合；大力发展社会主义市场经济；注重立法制度的改革与完善；加强社会保障法制建设。
[Abstract]:Britain is the birthplace of one of the two major legal systems in the world of the common law, English law is the main representative of the common law. England is the first country to complete the industrial revolution in the history of the world, completed the first modern agricultural society to modern industrial society. Great Britain also with the basic completion of the industrial revolution began in 1830s. A series of changes to stride into the rule of law in the process of modernization. The development process of modern British rule of law is the reaction to this big change, is the inevitable result of the rule of law doctrine infiltrated into the industrial field, is a British law from traditional (pre modern) to the modern process of change. The British law modernization model is the rule of law in modern empirical model, the road is the gradual improvement of the endogenous development of the rule of law at the end of.1978 Road, China Communist Party held in the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, China began the historical process of reform and opening up, Make a "perfect socialist democracy in the legal field, strengthen the socialist legal system" decision, the government policy of our country from the beginning of the rule of man to the legal system, and then to the great change of the rule of law, legal Chinese also began by reconstruction to a new period of rapid development. By 2011, the socialist legal system Chinese characteristics and the formation of schedule, the economic construction of our country. Political construction, cultural construction, social construction and all aspects of ecological civilization construction implementation of the law. The United Kingdom as a complete history of the world's first industrial revolution, the modern rule of law is used as a research object, will help us on the path of the construction of rule of law in developed countries have a macro grasp. This paper use historical analysis the empirical analysis methods, comprehensive method, and comparative analysis, through the process of motivation, the British law modernization study, combined with modern theory research, the total The experience of the construction of the modernization of the rule of law in Britain is put forward, and the reference points for the modernization of the rule of law in China are put forward.
This article is divided into four parts:
The first part analyzes the driving force of the modernization of the rule of law in Britain. It mainly analyzes the role of industrial revolution, party politics, legal thought and theory in promoting the modernization of the rule of law in Britain, and explores why the modernization of the rule of law in Britain is based on the completion of the industrial revolution.
The second part expounds the law modernization process. The completion of the British Industrial Revolution, the traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society, ongoing changes in the law field. The course of British law modernization is divided into start, development, new development of three stages. In the initial stage is mainly the legal reform in nineteenth Century the formation of modern judicature, and litigation system, formulate a welter of law; is prominent in the development stage of building the legal system of social security; in the new development stage is mainly the development of law after Britain joined the EC, perfect social security legal system, economic law policy of Thatcher Blair, "the third Road".
The third part focuses on the rule of law in modern British experience. Respectively: the rule of law in modern empirical model; the gradual improvement of the endogenous development of the rule of law; Congress to strengthen legislation, delegated legislation to increase; strengthen the economic and social legislation and legislation of science and technology; constantly improve the legal system; and the tendency of continental integration.
The fourth part reveals the Contemporary Enlightenment of legal modernization. The British experience introduces the modernization of contemporary China law, divided into recovery and development of the legal system of the rule of law, the start-up and development of two parts. Then reveals the contemporary enlightenment experience of modernization of the rule of law in England. Namely: the legal construction should be combined with national conditions; vigorously develop the socialist market economy pay attention to; reform and perfect the legislative system; strengthen the legal system construction of social security.

【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D956.1

【引证文献】