民主革命时期党的新闻工作者教育研究（1937-1949）

发布时间：2018-03-03 23:16

本文选题：中国共产党　切入点：新闻工作者　出处：《吉林大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新闻工作者作为一个社会群体,无论是过去还是现在,都在发挥着越来越重要的作用。中国共产党从诞生之日起,就非常重视新闻宣传工作,对新闻工作者的思想、政治和新闻业务等方面都开展过深入细致的教育。从现实生活看,新闻工作者的队伍越来越庞大,所承担的社会责任也越来越重,因此,如何把过去中国共产党的教育经验传承下来,就显得尤为重要,也非常必要。本选题主要研究的是民主革命时期1937年—1949年间,中国共产党对广大新闻工作者进行思想政治教育的背景、内容、方法手段、载体以及对当代社会的现实意义。从抗日战争爆发后到新中国建立这段时期,中国共产党对新闻工作者教育最突出、最典型,不仅教育内容丰富、教育手段多样,取得效果也最突出。尤其是在教育实践过程中,初步形成了马克思主义新闻观,奠定了中国共产党新闻思想的发展基石。本选题共分六章。第1章主要介绍了中国共产党早期对新闻工作者教育的理论与实践回顾,马克思、恩格斯、列宁等人对新闻工作者教育的论述以及对中国共产党产生了重要影响。因此,中国共产党在大革命时期和土地革命时期对新闻工作者思想政治教育,大都吸取了这些思想,并结合中国国情进行了可贵的探索和实践。第2章主要论述抗日战争时期中国共产党对新闻工作者的教育。“七七事变”爆发后,中国国内的主要矛盾由国共之间的阶级矛盾转变为中日之间的民族矛盾。在这种复杂的背景下,中国共产党根据国内外形势的发展,不但对自己领导下的新闻工作者进行政治、思想、道德等方面的教育,还对中立媒体、国民党领导的新闻工作者以及外国媒体记者进行教育和影响。在残酷的战争环境中,中国共产党在各抗日根据地创办了大量报纸,并成立了广播电台,带领广大新闻工作者克服重重困难,采取机动灵活的办报策略,使党的声音始终能够传达到群众之中。在新闻实践活动中,中国共产党不仅较好地发展对敌、对外的新闻宣传,树立了威信和形象,而且形成了一定规模的新闻工作队伍,稳定了抗日民族统一战线,并为解放战争的胜利打下了坚实基础。第3章着重论述了在解放战争时期中国共产党对新闻工作者教育情况。1945年8月15日抗日战争结束后,由于中日之间的民族矛盾不复存在,此前处于次要地位的阶级矛盾开始成为国内的主要矛盾。国民党企图依靠美国的支持消灭共产党,建立独裁政权,而中国共产党则主张通过“和平、民主、团结”的途径,建立一个独立、民主、富强的人民民主国家,将新民主主义革命进行到底。1946年6月25日,国民党军队以突然袭击手段,进攻中共在中原地区的一个集结区,全面内战遂告爆发。由于敌强我弱,中国共产党在解放战争的大部分阶段利用新闻宣传手段,教育广大新闻工作者揭露国民党反动派发动内战的阴谋,宣传党和平建国的基本方针;宣传党的土地政策,促进根据地政权建设;宣传和发动人民群众投入战争,为人民民主政权的建立大造舆论。到解放战争后期,尤其是三大战役结束后,中国共产党又面临建立新中国的繁重任务。此时,中国共产党再次面临新闻工作的转向问题。在此背景下,党又及时教育新闻工作者如何将工作重心从农村转移到城市,如何从以报道战争为主转移到国家建设上来,这些教育实践活动都取得非常好的效果。第4章重点论述了党对新闻工作者的新闻业务教育。作为特殊的职业群体,新闻工作者除了要接受政治、思想、道德等教育外,新闻业务水平如何直接影响新闻报道的社会效果。渊博的语言知识、得心应手地驾驭文字的能力,是一名优秀记者最基本的工具。在抗日战争和解放战争时期的中国,由于受条件和环境的限制,中国共产党领导下的新闻工作者真正系统学过新闻的人并不多,更多的新闻从业人员都是临时或在偶然条件下才从事新闻工作的。因此,中国共产党通过各种途径对这些新闻从业人员进行业务知识的培训和教育。实践证明,这些举措不仅在当时极大地提高了新闻工作者的业务能力和水平,就是对今天也有很多的借鉴意义。第5章主要论述了中国共产党对新闻工作者教育方法及载体。方法有:说理教育法、疏导教育法、典型教育法、激励教育法、自我教育法、综合教育法等等,这些方法在中国共产党在对新闻作者是进行思想政治教育的实践过程中都有使用。同时,中国共产党还借助谈话、活动、文化、大众传媒等载体,多手段、全方位对新闻工作者进行教育,从而取得了极好的教育效果。第6章主要总结了中国共产党对新闻工作者思想政治教育的基本经验、历史教训和作用。这些经验和教训对中国共产党最终取得抗日战争和解放战争的胜利都起到了重要作用,特别是新中国建立后,这些经验和教训益发显得重要。改革开放30多年来,中国新闻队伍迅速扩大,我国新闻从业人员在1921年中国共产党创立时的几十人发展到目前将近80万人。但是,新闻工作者的政治业务教育工作却没有跟上新闻队伍的迅速发展,从而不仅影响了中国新闻队伍的建设,而且还影响了党和政府的形象。总结、探讨1937年—1949年期间中国共产党对新闻工作者思想政治教育的经验和教训,具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Journalists as a social group, both past and present, are playing an increasingly important role. China Communist Party from the date of birth, attaches great importance to the news and propaganda work, journalists thought, political and business news etc. have been carried out in-depth education. From the real life. Increasingly large contingent of journalists, the social responsibility is more important, therefore, how to put the past China communist education experience handed down, is particularly important, but also very necessary.
The research of this topic is the period of the democratic revolution in 1937 1949, the Communist Party of China means of Ideological and political education for the majority of journalists in the background, content, method, carrier and realistic meaning to contemporary society. From after the outbreak of Anti Japanese War period to the founding of new China, the Communist Party of Chinese education of journalists in the most prominent, the most typical, not only rich educational content, educational methods are various, the most prominent effect is achieved. Especially in the process of educational practice, the initial formation of Marx's concept of news, laid the cornerstone of the development of the Communist Party of Chinese news thought.
This topic is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter mainly introduces the theory and practice of the Communist Party of Chinese early education of journalists in the review, Marx, Engels, Lenin, et al. Discussion on journalistic education and has an important influence on the Communist Party of China. Therefore, Chinese Communist Party in the great revolution and the agrarian revolution of Ideological and political education of journalists, most of these ideas draw, and according to the situation of Chinese valuable practice.
The second chapter mainly discusses the Communist Party during the Anti Japanese War China of journalistic education. "77 incident" after the outbreak of the main contradiction China changes from the domestic class contradictions between the ethnic conflicts between China and Japan. In this complex background, the Communist Party of Chinese according to the development situation at home and abroad, not only for themselves under the leadership of the journalists and political, ideological, moral and other aspects of education, but also on neutral media, the Kuomintang led journalists and foreign media reporters education and influence. In the harsh environment, the Chinese Communist Party in the Anti Japanese base areas established a large number of newspapers, and set up a radio station, and lead the journalists to overcome the obstacles the difficulty, the newspaper flexible strategy, so that the voice of the party has always been able to convey to the masses. In the news practice, the Communist Party not only China Better development of the enemy, the external news and propaganda, set up prestige and image, and formed a certain scale of news work team, stabilized the Anti Japanese national united front, and laid a solid foundation for the victory of the war of liberation.
The third chapter focuses on the Communist Party of Chinese during the war of Liberation Education of journalists in.1945 in August 15th after the Anti Japanese War, the ethnic conflicts between China and Japan does not exist, in a secondary position after class contradiction became the main contradiction in China. The KMT attempted to rely on the support of the United States destroy the Communist Party, establishing dictatorship. The Chinese Communist Party advocated by the "peace, democracy, unity of the way", the establishment of an independent, democratic, democratic country, the new democratic revolution in the end.1946 year in June 25th, the Kuomintang troops to attack, attack the Central Plains a staging area, came to an all-out civil war broke out. Due to weak the Communist Party, Chinese use news propaganda means in most of the period of the war of liberation, the majority of journalists to expose the national education reactionary distribution Move a civil war, the basic principle of the peace party propaganda; propaganda of the party's land policy, to promote the political power construction; propaganda and mobilization of the masses into the war, for the establishment of the people's democratic regime created public opinion. Later in the war of liberation, especially the three after the battle, China Communist Party was facing the arduous task of building new Chinese. At this time, the Communist Party of China again turned to the problem facing journalism. Under this background, the party also timely education journalists how to transfer the focus from the countryside to the city, how from the war coverage mainly transferred to the national construction, the educational practice has achieved very good results.
The fourth chapter discusses the Party News Business Education for journalists. As a special occupation groups, journalists in addition to accept political, ideological and moral education, how to directly affect the level of the news business news reports the social effect. The profound knowledge of the language, the ability to control the text handy, is a good press tools. During the Anti Japanese War and the war of liberation Chinese, due to conditions and environmental constraints, the real system China journalists under the leadership of the Communist Party learned the news is not much, more journalists are in temporary or accidental conditions in journalism. Therefore, the Communist Party of Chinese through a variety of channels for news media professionals for business knowledge training and education. The practice proves that these measures not only at the time and greatly improve the work of the news industry The ability and level of affairs have a lot of reference for today.
The fifth chapter mainly discusses the China party education of journalists method and carrier. Methods: the reasoning education law, dredging education method, the typical method of education, education incentive method, the method of self education, comprehensive education method and so on, these methods are used in the process of practice Chinese communist party carries on the ideological and political education of the author is in the news at the same time, the Communist Party of China through conversation, activities, culture, mass media and so on, many means, all-round education of journalists, in order to obtain a good educational effect.
The sixth chapter summarizes the basic experience of the Communist Party of Chinese journalists of Ideological and political education, and the role of the lessons of history. The experiences and lessons of the Communist Party of China eventually made Anti Japanese War and the liberation war has played an important role, especially after the establishment of new China, these experiences and lessons become more important. 30 years of reform and opening up to Chinese, news of rapidly expanding, China's news staff of dozens of people in 1921 when Chinese founded the Communist Party to the current development of nearly 800 thousand people. However, ideological and political education on the journalists did not keep up with the rapid development of the news team, which not only affect the construction of China news team, but also the impact of the party and government the image of 1937 and 1949. In summary, the Communist Party of China during the ideological and political education of journalists experience and lessons, it is important to Practical significance.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G219.29

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