民主制度下的权力控制

发布时间：2018-03-09 14:49

本文选题：民主制度　切入点：权力　出处：《辽宁大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：孟德斯鸠曾说:“有权力的人们使用权力一直到遇有界限的地方才休止。”权力就像一把双刃剑,权力的利益性决定了它不仅仅可以为人民与社会带来利益,还决定了它可能为权力的掌有者带来私人的利益,在掌权者运用权力追逐利益的时候必然产生权力的滥用。为防止权力的滥用,本文在民主制度的框架下讨论权力的控制方式。民主、自由、平等是人类社会普适的价值观,保障民主、自由、平等便需要对权力进行控制,防止权力对权利的侵害。法治是依法治国,依法治权,任何权力都在法律的框架内,权力应当在法律允可的范围内运行。亚里士多德认为:法治具有两方面要求,第一,法是良法;第二,法能够得到普遍的遵守。也只有良法才具有遵守的合法性与合理性。因此良法的产生对权力的控制显得额外的重要,良法应当在民主制度下产生,因为民主制度是最能够表达社会中各种利益集团意志的制度,只有在民主制度下产生的法律才具有遵守的正当性。笔者认为民主制度不是简单的少数服从多数,民主制度应当是国家中各个利益集团的博弈,是利益集团为追求本集团利益的最大化相互谈判、相互妥协、追求利益衡平的制度,民主制度下的利益主体应当是平等、自由的。各种利益集团在民主制度下参与立法,其相互的利益衡平便是对立法权最有效的制约,防止“恶法”的产生。在良法的法律框架内可以采取多种配套制度对权力加以控制,防止权力的滥用。对权力的控制可以分为两个层次,第一层是对权力本身加以控制,当权力过于集中很容易产生专制的局面,势必会导致权力难以控制的局面,对于集权专制任何控权方式都显得十分乏力。因此为了防止专制、防止权力集中,首先采用的方式便是分权。笔者认为分权是防止集权专制的有效方式,但分权并不必然产生权力制衡的格局,因此必须要采用科学的方法合理配置权力结构,产生以权力制约权力的分权效果。第二层是对权力运行的控制,首先是通过一项或多项权力的运行来制约另一项权力的运行,使权力受到权力的制横与监督。其次是通过权利来控制权力,使权力在运行中时刻都受到权利主体为防止自己的利益受到损害而做出正当行为的制约。再次是通过程序对权力的运行加以控制,程序是权力运行的最优枷锁,使权力在有资格的主体掌有下,按固定的程序做出运权行为。最后是通过法律以责任的行使增加权力滥用的成本,以问责来控制权力,防止权力的滥用。
[Abstract]:Montesquieu once said, "the people who have power use power until they meet the limit." Power is like a double-edged sword. The benefit of power determines that it can not only bring benefits to the people and society. It has also been determined that it may bring private benefits to those in charge of power, and that it will inevitably result in abuse of power when it is used by those in power to pursue interests... in order to prevent abuse of power, This paper discusses the control mode of power under the framework of democratic system. Democracy, freedom and equality are the universal values of human society. To guarantee democracy, freedom and equality, we need to control power. The rule of law is the rule of law, any power is within the framework of the law, and power should operate within the scope permitted by law. Aristotle believes that the rule of law has two requirements, first, Law is good law; second, law can be universally observed. Only good law has the legitimacy and rationality of compliance. Therefore, the generation of good law is of additional importance to the control of power, and good law should be produced under a democratic system. Because democracy is the system that can best express the will of various interest groups in society, only the laws produced under the democratic system have the legitimacy to abide by it. The democratic system should be the game of various interest groups in the country. It is the system in which interest groups negotiate, compromise and balance interests in pursuit of the maximization of the interests of their own groups, and the subjects of interests under the democratic system should be equal. Free. The participation of various interest groups in legislation under a democratic system is the most effective restriction on the legislative power by balancing the interests of each other. To prevent the emergence of "draconian law". Within the legal framework of a good law, a variety of supporting systems can be adopted to control power and prevent its abuse. The control of power can be divided into two levels. The first level is to control power itself. When power is too centralized, it is easy to create autocracy, which will inevitably lead to a situation where power is difficult to control. Any way of controlling power is very weak. Therefore, in order to prevent autocracy and prevent the concentration of power, The author thinks that the separation of powers is an effective way to prevent totalitarian autocracy, but the separation of powers does not necessarily result in a pattern of checks and balances of power. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt scientific methods to allocate the power structure reasonably. The second level is the control of the operation of power, first of all, through the operation of one or more powers to restrict the operation of another power. Power is subject to the control and supervision of power. Secondly, power is controlled by right. In order to prevent their own interests from being harmed, the power is restricted by the legitimate behavior of the subject at all times. Again, the operation of the power is controlled by the procedure, and the procedure is the optimal shackle of the power operation. Finally, the law increases the cost of power abuse through the exercise of responsibility to control power and prevent abuse of power.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

【相似文献】