当我们谈论民主时,我们在谈论什么——转型期中国公众民主观念的类型学分析

发布时间：2018-03-11 01:05

本文选题：民主观念　切入点：政治文化　出处：《探索与争鸣》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：民主在当今世界呈现出价值流行度与概念清晰度之间的不对称。尽管几乎人人都在谈论民主,公众的民主观念却大相径庭,不仅在宏观层面存在显著的时代差异、国别差异,而且在微观层面呈现出基于个体的异质性。在传统的"程序-实质"二分法看来,中国人普遍秉持"实质型"民主观念,然而对全国代表性数据的探索性潜在类别分析表明:转型期中国公众的民主观念包括"实质型""偏实质复合型""偏程序复合型"和"无内容型"四种基本类型;中国公众对民主内容的理解是多维的,既包括社会平等、治理绩效等实质诉求,也包括政治自由、政治权利、竞争性选举等程序诉求。"实质民主"与"程序民主"在公众的认知中并非二元对立而是相伴共生。这种"复合型"民主观念在转型期中国占据主导地位,并构成了中国民主政治发展的民意基础和心理支撑。作为对民主广义内涵的理论回归和对"转型中国"复杂性的客观反映,复合型民主观念预示着我国未来的民主政治发展必须立足民意,在推进国家治理能力和治理体系现代化的过程中统筹民主的"程序"维度与"实质"维度。
[Abstract]:Democracy presents an asymmetries between the popularity of values and conceptual clarity in today's world. Although almost everyone talks about democracy, public perceptions of democracy differ considerably, not only at the macro level, but also across countries. Moreover, at the micro level, there is a heterogeneity based on individuals. In the traditional "process-substance" dichotomy, the Chinese generally hold the concept of "substantial" democracy. However, an exploratory analysis of the national representative data shows that the democratic concept of the Chinese public in the transitional period includes four basic types: "substantial", "partial material compound", "partial procedural compound" and "non-content type"; The Chinese public's understanding of the content of democracy is multidimensional. It includes not only social equality, governance performance and other substantive demands, but also political freedom and political rights. "substantive democracy" and "procedural democracy" are not dualistic opposition but coexisting in the public perception. This kind of "complex" democratic concept occupies a dominant position in China during the transition period. It also constitutes the basis of public opinion and psychological support for the development of democratic politics in China. As a theoretical return to the broad connotation of democracy and an objective reflection of the complexity of "transition China", The concept of complex democracy indicates that the future development of democratic politics in China must be based on public opinion, and coordinate the "procedure" and "essence" dimensions of democracy in the process of promoting the modernization of national governance ability and governance system.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学马克思主义学院;中国人民大学21世纪中国马克思主义研究协同创新中心;
【基金】：北京市社会科学基金研究基地项目“中国特色社会主义民主观研究”(17JDKDB003)
【分类号】：D621.5

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