喷射电沉积法制备多孔金属镍机理、工艺及应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 19:04

本文选题：多孔金属　切入点：喷射电沉积　出处：《南京航空航天大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：多孔金属材料作为一种性能优异的新型功能材料和结构材料,具有广泛的多功能应用前景,已成为当前国内外功能材料领域的研究热点。多孔金属材料的功能性能与其结构直接相关,改变其孔隙率和孔的形貌及尺寸将直接影响到材料的性能。本文工作针对传统多孔金属制备方法在上述方面普遍存在工艺复杂、成本较高等缺陷,采用一种全新的多孔金属制备方法─喷射分层扫描电沉积法制备以多孔枝晶沉积层为层芯、普通薄沉积层作面板而制成的夹心式层合式的块状三明治结构多孔金属镍。以孔隙结构优化设计和应用为目标,通过调节各种工艺参数和控制条件,使沉积的工作状态在枝晶沉积层和普通电沉积层间交替进行,控制多孔金属镍块的生长,并通过改变试验参数调节芯层孔隙结构和孔隙率,调节普通沉积层生长位置,改变多孔金属镍的三明治状闭孔形貌及尺寸。喷射电沉积法生成的多孔枝晶组织完全是自组织原位生长的,加工过程在常温、常压下进行,不需要其它辅助材料,工艺简单,成本较低,对丰富多孔金属的制造工艺具有重要的现实意义。本文的主要研究工作如下: 1.进行喷射电沉积多孔枝晶层的电化学行为机理研究。主要包括:喷射电沉积多孔金属镍的动力学过程及其阴极极化的特点,喷射电沉积过程阴极极化的类型,喷射电沉积的交流阻抗行为,喷射电沉积镍的电结晶行为。 2.对喷射电沉积过程中喷射速度场和压力场进行了理论分析,建立单股冲击射流紊流流动的基本数学模型。采用扩散限制凝聚模型(DLA)对喷射电沉积过程的多孔枝晶组织的形状和生长过程进行了模拟研究,并进行了验证性试验。 3.研制了喷射电沉积逐层扫描制备三明治状多孔金属镍试验系统。成功制备了具有一定形状和厚度的块状多孔金属镍样品;并对制备的多孔镍的表面形貌、孔隙结构、显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。 4.通过采用喷射电沉积制备的三明治状多孔金属镍为集流体,以纳米NiO为电极活性材料制成电化学电容器电极,并对组装的电容器性能特性进行了表征,结果表明:电容器储能方式主要以赝电容形式存在,单电极比容量为582-527F/g,电极电荷传递阻抗小,电容电化学行为优良。
[Abstract]:The porous metal material as a kind of excellent performance of new functional materials and structural materials, multifunctional wide application, has become a hot research topic in the field of functional materials at home and abroad. Directly related to functional properties of porous metal materials and its structure, morphology and size of the pore and the hole rate changes will directly affect the performance of materials.
Aiming at the traditional preparation method of porous metal in the ubiquitous complex process, high cost of defects, using a new method of preparation of porous metal - jet scanning electro deposition using porous layer is the core layer of the dendritic deposition, massive sandwich structure of porous nickel metal sandwich layer thin layer as the common deposition the panel made of composite.
The pore structure optimization design and application for the target, by adjusting the process parameters and control conditions, the deposition condition in the dendrite deposition and electrodeposition layer between the ordinary alternating, control of porous metal nickel block growth, and by changing the parameters adjusting core layer pore structure and porosity, common deposition layer the growth position, change the morphology and size of sandwich shaped closed cell porous metal nickel.
Jet electro deposition method to generate porous dendrite growth is completely self organization in situ, processing at room temperature, atmospheric pressure, without other auxiliary materials, simple process, low cost, has important practical significance to the manufacturing process of porous metal rich. The main research work is as follows:
1. jet electrodeposition of porous dendritic layer electrochemical behavior mechanism. Mainly include: jet electrodeposition of porous metal nickel dynamic process and cathodic polarization characteristics of jet type electro deposition process of cathodic polarization, AC impedance of jet electrodeposition, jet electrodeposition of nickel electro crystallization.
2. of the jet electrodeposition process of jet velocity field and pressure field are analyzed, a single strand of the basic mathematical model of impinging jet turbulent flow. The diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) shape and growth process of porous dendrite in jet electrodeposition process was simulated, and confirmatory tests were carried out.
3. was developed by layer scanning jet electrodeposition preparation of porous nickel metal sandwich test system. With a certain shape and thickness of porous metal nickel samples were prepared; and the surface morphology of porous nickel prepared by pore structure, microstructure and mechanical properties were studied.
4. by using injection electric sandwich porous nickel metal deposited as collector, with nano NiO as electrode active material for electrochemical capacitor electrode, and the assembled capacitor performance characteristics were investigated, results showed that the capacitor energy storage mode mainly exists in the form of pseudo capacitance, single electrode specific capacity is 582-527F/g the electrode, the charge transfer resistance, good electrochemical capacitor performance.

【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TB383.4

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