我国少数民族法制政策实施效果探究

发布时间：2018-03-27 10:55

本文选题：少数民族　切入点：法制政策　出处：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪以来,随着公民权利的日益伸张和市民社会的逐渐发展,国家的社会基础对国家的法律、制度和政策等上层建筑的制约作用越来越大。基于各少数民族在政治共同体中的特殊性和重要性,有关民族的法制政策是当前多民族国家面临的一个重要课题。这个问题处理不好就会给国家发展和社会稳定带来严重困扰。在民族平等的思想指导下,我国政府在法制建设和政策措施上规范和保障少数民族权益,维护了国家的长治久安。但,也存在着一些问题,如民族区域自治制度在保障少数民族权益实现的同时可能还具有离心倾向从而影响国家的稳定和民族的和睦,另外政府实施的旨在照顾少数民族的某些优惠措施也可能存在违反公平的歧视嫌疑。要真正实现这些政策的有效性和持续性,就必须在保护少数民族文化习俗的特点和提供必要帮助的同时,努力提高他们在现代社会中的生存能力和竞争能力,并且打破阻碍民族融合的制度障碍,消除影响民族和谐、国家稳定的隐患,加强文化凝聚力建设,加强现代国家公民理念的教育,增强国民意识和大局意识,从精神上保证国内各民族的融合,促进民族认同向国家认同的跃进。否则,竞争能力的提高不仅不能保障和促进其权益的实现,还会给整个国家的稳定和发展带来隐患。民族融合、国家认同在现代国际竞争体系中对一个国家具有极重要的意义。我们的相关制度设计只能是向着有利于民族融合信任和民族认同向国家认同的跃升,而不是相反。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century, with the development of civil rights and civil society, the social foundation of the country is the law of the country. Superstructures, such as institutions and policies, are becoming increasingly restrictive. Based on the particularity and importance of minorities in the political community, The policy of the legal system concerning ethnic groups is an important issue facing the multi-ethnic countries at present. If this problem is not handled properly, it will bring serious problems to the development of the country and social stability. Under the guidance of the ideology of national equality, The Chinese government has standardized and protected the rights and interests of ethnic minorities in the construction of the legal system and in policies and measures to safeguard the country's long-term stability. However, there are still some problems. For example, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, while safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minorities, may also have a centrifugal tendency to affect the stability of the country and the harmony of the nation. In addition, certain preferential measures implemented by the government to care for ethnic minorities may also be discriminatory against fairness. To truly achieve the effectiveness and sustainability of these policies, It is essential that, while protecting the characteristics of and providing the necessary assistance for the cultural practices of ethnic minorities, efforts be made to enhance their viability and competitiveness in modern societies and to break down the institutional barriers that impede national integration and to eliminate the effects on national harmony, Hidden dangers to national stability, strengthening the construction of cultural cohesion, strengthening the education of the concept of modern national citizenship, strengthening national awareness and awareness of the overall situation, ensuring in spirit the integration of all ethnic groups in the country, and promoting the leap forward of national identity towards national identity. The improvement of competitiveness will not only fail to guarantee and promote the realization of their rights and interests, but will also bring risks to the stability and development of the whole country. National identity is of great significance to a country in the modern international competition system.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.15

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